Entomopathogenic fungi to control bark beetles: A review of ecological recommendations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Mann ◽  
Thomas Seth Davis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles

scholarly journals Naturally-occurring entomopathogenic fungi on three bark beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavimira Draganova ◽  
Danail Takov ◽  
Danail Doychev
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Beauveria Brongniartii ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Ips Sexdentatus

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) belong to one of the most damaging groups of forest insects and the activity of their natural enemies - pathogens, parasitoids, parasites or predators suppressing their population density, is of great importance. Biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi on bark beetles in Bulgaria has been investigated sporadically. The aim of this preliminary study was to find, identify and study morphological characteristics of fungal entomopathogens naturally-occurring in populations of three curculionid species - Ips sexdentatus Boern, Ips typographus (L.) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratz.). Dead pest adults were found under the bark of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies trees collected from forests in the Maleshevska and Vitosha Mountains. Fungal pathogens were isolated into pure cultures on SDAY (Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract) and were identified based on morphological characteristics both on the host and in a culture. Morphological characteristics of the isolates were studied by phenotypic methods. The fungal isolates obtained from dead adults of Ips sexdentatus, Ips typographus and D. autographus were found to belong to the species Beauveria bassiana (Bals. - Criv.) Vuillemin, Beauveria brongniartii (Saccardo) Petch and Isaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Fries (anamorph Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). Morphological traits of the isolates are described.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against the bark beetle Pityogenes scitus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Abdul L. Khanday ◽  
Abdul A. Buhroo ◽  
Avunjikkattu P. Ranjith ◽  
Sławomir Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Petri Plate

Abstract The bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are widely recognised as one of the most damaging group of forest pests. Entomopathogenic fungi have shown great potential for the management of some bark beetle species. The efficacy of three entomopathogenic fungi, namely, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (Metchnikoff) Sorokin and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare and Gams was tested against the bark beetle Pityogenes scitus Blandford under the laboratory conditions. An insecticide – cyclone 505 EC, was also used as positive control in the experiment. Each fungal suspension contained 1.0×109 spores of fungi in 1 ml. In treated branches, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae caused higher percentage of mortalities, that is, 58.33% and 48%, respectively, after 10 days of treatment and 85% and 71%, respectively, after 20 days of treatment. In petri plate assay, B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii caused 100%, 100% and 73.33% of mortality respectively. The percentage of mortality caused by treated insecticide was 79.16%. The results obtained in the present study are promising; however, no recommendations concerning the potential use of these fungal pathogens in forest protection can be given, and further research studies are needed in this respect, especially under field conditions.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria and their pathogenicity to Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Vitosha National Park, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 420-435
Author(s):  
Marek Barta ◽  
Danail Takov ◽  
Daniela Pilarska ◽  
Danail Doychev ◽  
Miriam Kádasi Horáková
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Virulent

Ips typographus is a serious pest for forestry in Eurasia. Effective control is difficult due to its cryptic habits and insect pathogenic microorganisms, including entomopathogenic fungi that are believed to be a promising alternative to the traditional control measures of this pest. In 2018, diversity of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria was studied in populations of I. typographus in the Vitosha National Park, Bulgaria. Two species, B. bassiana and B. caledonica, were identified and 33 in vitro strains were obtained. Phylogenetic positions of the strains were evaluated according to phylogenetic inferences based on ITS and TEF-1α. Pathogenicity of the strains against bark beetles was tested in laboratory. All strains were pathogenic, although there was some variability in the efficacy of B. bassiana strains. Virulence of the five most pathogenic strains (four B. bassiana strains and one B. caledonica strain) was compared with the commercial mycoinsecticide Boverol<sup>®</sup> and highly-virulent B. bassiana strain ARSEF 12957 isolated from I. typographus in Slovakia. The strain from Boverol<sup>®</sup> was least virulent and the Slovak strain ARSEF 12957 was more efficient than the Bulgarian strains, but the difference was not significant. The laboratory experiments suggest that the Bulgarian strains have a potential for the control of bark beetle adults.

scholarly journals Diversity and prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) in epidemic populations of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in spruce forests of the Tatra National Park in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Silvia Hyblerová ◽  
Juraj Medo ◽  
Marek Barta
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Tatra National Park

Bark beetles are serious forest pests in Slovakia. Their outbreaks may have significant ecological and economic impacts on spruce forests. There is a variety of natural enemies that activate themselves during population outbreaks of insects and entomopathogenic fungi belong to important antagonists with a potential to regulate populations of their hosts. In 2014–2016, species richness and prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated during the bark beetle outbreaks in spruce forests affected by windstorms in the Tatra National Park in Slovakia. Three Beauveria species, B. bassiana, B. caledonica and B. pseudobassiana, with Metapochonia bulbillosa were identified from 271 specimens of three bark beetle species, Ips typographus, Ips amitinus and Pityogenes chalcographus. Beauveria bassiana was the dominant pathogen and infected all three bark beetle species. Phylogenetic analysis identified three phylogenetic groups of B. bassiana in the evaluated host populations. M. bulbillosa was reported for the first time from bark beetle hosts and Slovakia. The prevalence of fungal infection in natural populations of I. typographus was low, varied between 0.07 and 0.72%, and have little influence on the bark beetle abundance.

scholarly journals Extended studies on the diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in Austria and Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Tkaczyk ◽  
Stanisław Bałazy ◽  
Tomasz Krzyczkowski ◽  
Rudolf Wegensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
First Record ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Mite Communities ◽  
First Time

Results of studies on diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in selected habitats in Austria and Poland carried out in the years 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 are discussed. In total 47 species of entomopathogenic fungi were found as pathogens of different arthropods in Austria. Twenty six entomophthoralean species from different insects and one species from mites were identified and 16 of them are recorded as new to Austria. From among 21 species of anamorphic Hypocreales (Ascomycota) affecting arthropods in Austria, 13 species so far have not been known from this country. In total 51 species of fungi affecting different arthropods in Poland were recorded, among them 28 species of Entomophthorales and 23 anamorphic Hypocreales (Ascomycota) were separated. The most frequent species of the entomopathogenic fungi both in agricultural and afforested areas in Austria were the common and usually worldwide distributed cordycipitaceous anamorphs <em>Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea</em> and in areas of this study less numerous <em>I. farinosa</em>. The most frequent pathogens occurring in mite communities on plants and in wood infested by insects were <em>Hirsutella</em> species. Several entomophthoralean species developed epizootics that caused high reduction in host populations of different arthropods in both countries. Especially interesting is the first record of mycoses (up to 60% mortality), caused by <em>Zoophthora</em> spp. on <em>Phyllobius</em> beetles in a mixed forest near Białowieża. During our joint research, we found the first time in Poland and Europe, the presence of the fungus <em>Furia</em> cf. <em>shandongensis</em> on earwigs and <em>Hirsutella entomophila</em> on <em>Ips typographus</em> adults in forest habitats. From the feeding sites of the latter bark beetle and other subcortical species in oak bark (mostly <em>Dryocoetes villosus</em>) and D. alni in black alder over a dozen of various <em>Lecanicillium</em> strains - including few of the features not allowing to classify them to any of so far known species – were isolated both from the scolytids and from accompanying them mites, but these materials have now been successively elaborated. From the commonly occurring in these materials acaropathogenic species <em>Hirsutella cf. brownorum, H. minnesotensis, H. nodulosa and H. rostrata</em>, the two latter infected also adult bark beetles, whereas from the larvae and pupae some supposed nematophagous anamorphs were isolated, among them <em>Harposporium janus</em> and <em>Haptocillium</em> sp.

scholarly journals An assessment of biological control of Polygraphus major Stebbing, 1903 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Khanday Abdul Lateef ◽  
Buhroo Abdul Ahad
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Petri Plate

Recently the use of fungal entomopathogens against bark beetles has gained increasing attention throughout the world and researchers continue to seek highly pathogenic fungal isolates for controlling beetle pests. In the present study, the efficacy of three entomopathogenic fungi, namely Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (Metchnikoff) Sorokin and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare &amp; Gams, was tested against Polygraphus major Stebbing, 1903 under laboratory conditions. Each fungal suspension contained 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> spores of fungi in 1 ml. An insecticide – Cyclone was also used as positive control in the experiment. The mortality caused by these fungi was recorded in treated branches and petri plate assay. In treated branches, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s. l. caused higher mortality, i.e. 57.77 and 46%, respectively, after 10 days of treatment and 98 and 92.77%, respectively, after 20 days of treatment. The results of the petri plate assay revealed that P. major adults were highly susceptible to both applied fungal species and insecticide. However, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s. l. caused higher percentage mortalities after six days of treatment, i.e. 100 and 91.66%, respectively. The percentage mortality caused by application of the insecticide was 69%. L. lecanii was observed to be significantly less virulent (mortality 46.66%) in all fugal treatments. After observing the promising nature of the three entomopathogenic fungi by testing them, we arrive at the conclusion that the tested fungi have a potential for the control of P. major, and further field experiments are warranted to investigate their efficacy under more practical conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison Analysis of Species Composition of Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Rauza Abdukerim ◽  
Georgy Lednev ◽  
Miloš Trýzna ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek ◽  
Miroslav Zouhar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Comparison Analysis

Association of Entomopathogenic Fungi with Exotic Bark Beetles in New Zealand Pine Plantations

2009 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brownbridge ◽  
Stephen D. Reay ◽  
Nicholas J. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Plantations

scholarly journals List of natural fungal pathogens infecting bark beetles and lepidopteran forest pests from Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Daniela Pilarska ◽  
Danail Takov ◽  
Danail Doychev
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Forest Pests

Information about fungal infections detected in different bark beetles and lepidopteran forest pests in Bulgaria is presented. Eighteen species of entomopathogenic fungal species and numerous isolates of orders Hypocreales, Eurotiales и Entomophthorales have been reported from 12 bark beetles and 10 moths within a sixty years period. The results from conducted laboratory and field bioassays with several isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles and the gypsy moth were summarized.

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