scholarly journals A dicamba resistance‐endowing IAA16 mutation leads to significant vegetative growth defects and impaired competitiveness in kochia ( Bassia scoparia ) †

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Wu ◽  
Sherry LeClere ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Marta Paciorek ◽  
Alejandro Perez‐Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Dicamba Resistance

scholarly journals The cAMP-PKA Pathway Regulates Growth, Sexual and Asexual Differentiation, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Hu ◽  
Xiaoying Zhou ◽  
Xiaoying Gu ◽  
Shulin Cao ◽  
Chengfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Pka Pathway

Like many other filamentous ascomycetes, Fusarium graminearum contains two genes named CPK1 and CPK2 that encode the catalytic subunits of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). To determine the role of cAMP signaling in pathogenesis and development in F. graminearum, we functionally characterized these two genes. In addition, we generated and characterized the cpk1 cpk2 double and fac1 adenylate cyclase gene deletion mutants. The cpk1 mutant was significantly reduced in vegetative growth, conidiation, and deoxynivalenol production but it had increased tolerance to elevated temperatures. It was defective in the production of penetration branches on plant surfaces, colonization of wheat rachises, and spreading in flowering wheat heads. Deletion of CPK1 had no effect on perithecium development but the cpk1 mutant was defective in ascospore maturation and releasing. In contrast, the cpk2 mutant had no detectable phenotypes, suggesting that CPK2 contributes minimally to PKA activities in F. graminearum. Nevertheless, the cpk1 cpk2 double mutant had more severe defects in vegetative growth and rarely produced morphologically abnormal conidia. The double mutant, unlike the cpk1 or cpk2 mutant, was nonpathogenic and failed to form perithecia on self-mating plates. Therefore, CPK1 and CPK2 must have overlapping functions in vegetative growth, differentiation, and plant infection in F. graminearum. The fac1 mutant was also nonpathogenic and had growth defects similar to those of the cpk1 cpk2 mutant. However, deletion of FAC1 had no effect on conidium morphology. These results indicated that CPK1 is the major PKA catalytic subunit gene and that the cAMP-PKA pathway plays critical roles in hyphal growth, conidiation, ascosporogenesis, and plant infection in F. graminearum.

scholarly journals Yeast GMP Kinase Mutants Constitutively Express AMP Biosynthesis Genes by Phenocopying a Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Defect

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-961
Author(s):  
Karine Lecoq ◽  
Manfred Konrad ◽  
Bertrand Daignan-Fornier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Purine Base ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract We have characterized a new locus, BRA3, leading to deregulation of the yeast purine synthesis genes (ADE genes). We show that bra3 mutations are alleles of the GUK1 gene, which encodes GMP kinase. The bra3 mutants have a low GMP kinase activity, excrete purines in the medium, and show vegetative growth defects and resistance to purine base analogs. The bra3 locus also corresponds to the previously described pur5 locus. Several lines of evidence indicate that the decrease in GMP kinase activity in the bra3 mutants results in GMP accumulation and feedback inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), encoded by the HPT1 gene. First, guk1 and hpt1 mutants share several phenotypes, such as adenine derepression, purine excretion, and 8-azaguanine resistance. Second, overexpression of HPT1 allows suppression of the deregulated phenotype of the guk1 mutants. Third, we show that purified yeast HGPRT is inhibited by GMP in vitro. Finally, incorporation of hypoxanthine into nucleotides is similarly diminished in hpt1 and guk1 mutants in vivo. We conclude that the decrease in GMP kinase activity in the guk1 mutants results in deregulation of the ADE gene expression by phenocopying a defect in HGPRT. The possible occurrence of a similar phenomenon in humans is discussed.

Effects of estrone and 17beta-estradiol on vegetative growth of Medicago sativa

1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence S. Shore ◽  
Yoram Kapulnik ◽  
Bruria Ben-Dor ◽  
Yechezkial Fridman ◽  
Smadar Wininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vegetative Growth

Heat wave effects on biomass and vegetative growth of macrophytes after long-term adaptation to different temperatures: a mesocosm study

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Cao ◽  
ÉM Neif ◽  
W Li ◽  
J Coppens ◽  
N Filiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Different Temperatures

Farmers’ preference for improved grasses and legume forage species in six mixed farming system districts of southern region of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mergia Abera ◽  
Tekleyohannes Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved forage crops was conducted in six mixed farming system districts of Southern Ethiopia with the objective to identify farmers preferred forage crops (legumes and grasses). Two annual forage legumes (Vigna unguiculata L. (cow pea) and Lablab purpureus (L.), two perennial legumes (Medicago sativa (L.) (alfalfa) and Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. (green-leaf)), and three perennial grasses (Chloris gayana Knuth (Rhodes grass) and two Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) accessions (No.16800 and 16798)) were evaluated in the study. The major farmers’ criteria considered in the evaluation of forage species were vegetative growth, herbage yield, tillering, protection of soil erosion, palatability, perfor- mance under dry weather conditions, performance in marginal area under low input management, multipurpose use (conservation and soil fertility) and fast growing condition. The study showed that elephant grass accession No. 16798, 16800 and Chloris gayana adapted well and farmers preferred them for their higher herbage yield, vegetative growth, tillering ability and drought resistance. Even though the annual forage legumes Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata were superior in their forage yield, the farmers preferred the perennial forage legumes (Desmodium intortum and Medicago sativa) mainly for their performance under dry weather condi- tion due to their longer growth period. Therefore, the consideration of farmers’ preference for forage crops is crucial for increased adoption of improved forage crops in the region.

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