Innovative approaches to exploit host plant metabolites in malaria control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldwyn Torto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Innovative Approaches

scholarly journals Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Mingfa Lv ◽  
Wenfang Yin ◽  
Tingyan Dong ◽  
Changqing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Encoding Genes

The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase–encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase–encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Role of Saponins in Plant Defense Against Specialist Herbivores

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubasher Hussain ◽  
Biswojit Debnath ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Bamisope Steve Bamisile ◽  
Waqar Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Specialist Herbivores

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a very destructive crucifer-specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. DBM is well attracted to glucosinolates (which act as fingerprints and essential for herbivores in host plant recognition) containing crucifers such as wintercress, Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) despite poor larval survival on it due to high-to-low concentration of saponins and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinulates which are used in plant defense. Aside glucosinolates, Barbarea genus also contains triterpenoid saponins, which are toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant specialist herbivores (such as DBM). Previous studies have found interesting relationship between the host plant and secondary metabolite contents, which indicate that attraction or resistance to specialist herbivore DBM, is due to higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins in younger leaves in contrast to the older leaves of Barbarea genus. As a response to this phenomenon, herbivores as DBM has developed a strategy of defense against these plant biochemicals. Because there is a lack of full knowledge in understanding bioactive molecules (such as saponins) role in plant defense against plant herbivores. Thus, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary plant metabolites in plant defense mechanisms against the specialist herbivores. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring these bioactive molecules against herbivore to cash crops.

scholarly journals Role of Sulphate Transporter (PiSulT) of Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica in Plant Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Narayan ◽  
Nidhi Verma ◽  
Abhimanyu Jogawat ◽  
Meenakshi Dua ◽  
Atul Kumar Johri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Growth Development

ABSTRACTSulfur is an important macronutrient required for the growth, development of plants and is a key component of many metabolic pathways. We have functionally characterized a high-affinity sulphate transporter (PiSulT) from an endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. The PiSulT belongs to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporter. The PiSulT functionally complements the yeast sulphate transporter mutant HK14. PiSulT is a high-affinity sulphate transporter, having Km 15μM. We found enhanced expression of PiSulT in external fungal hyphae which helps the fungus in the acquisition of sulphate from the soil. When knockdown (KD)-PiSulT-P.indica colonized with the plant, it results in an 8-fold reduction in the transfer of sulphate to the colonized plants as compared to the plants colonized with the WT S. indica, which suggests that PiSulT is playing a role in sulphate transfer from soil to host plant. Further, plants colonized with the WT S. indica were found to be healthy in comparison to the plants colonized with the KD-PiSulT-P.indica. Additionally, S. indica colonization provides a positive effect on total sulfur content and on plant metabolites like sulfate ions and glutathione, particularly under low sulphate condition. We observed that the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes of S. indica and plant is dependent on the availability of sulphate and on the colonization with the plant. Our study highlights the importance of PiSulT in the improvement of sulfur nutrition of host plant particularly under low sulphate condition and in plant growth development. This study will open new vistas to use S. indica as a bio-fertilizer in the sulphate deficient field to improve crop production.One-Sentence SummaryHigh-affinity sulphate transporter of Serendipita indica (PiSulT) transfer sulphate from soil to plant under low sulphate condition and improve plant growth and development.

scholarly journals The Power of Electropenetrography in Enhancing Our Understanding of Host Plant-Vector Interactions

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Shugart ◽  
Timothy Ebert ◽  
Frederick Gmitter ◽  
Michael Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Plant Metabolite ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The invasive Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the primary vector of the phloem-infecting bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Candidatus L. asiaticus is the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, a destructive disease of Citrus. While many Citrus species are susceptible to D. citri probing and HLB disease, there are marked behavioral differences in D. citri probing responses and Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus infection severity among Citrus species. Using four mandarin hybrid selections and pummelo plants variably resistant to D. citri probing, oviposition, and survival, we explored probing differences using electropenetrography (EPG), conducted an oviposition and survival study, and determined host plant metabolites using gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS). We found thirty-seven D. citri probing variables to be significantly different among tested mandarin selections and pummelo, in addition to differential oviposition and survivorship abilities on tested plants. We found sixty-three leaf metabolites with eight being significantly different among tested mandarin selections and pummelo. Detailed analysis of probing behavior, oviposition, survivorship, and host plant metabolite concentrations reveals the complex, layered resistance mechanisms utilized by resistant Citrus against D. citri probing. EPG is a powerful technology for screening Asian citrus psyllid resistant Citrus to elucidate host plant-vector interactions, with an aim to minimize vector probing and eliminate the spread of the bacterial pathogen, Ca. L. asiaticus.

scholarly journals Molecular Modeling of Chemosensory Protein 3 from Spodoptera litura and Its Binding Property with Plant Defensive Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4073
Author(s):  
Sujata Singh ◽  
Chetna Tyagi ◽  
Irfan A. Rather ◽  
Jamal S.M. Sabir ◽  
Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Modeled Structure

Chemosensory perception in insects involves a broad set of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) that identify the bouquet of chemical compounds present in the external environment and regulate specific behaviors. The current study is focused on the Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) chemosensory-related protein, SlitCSP3, a midgut-expressed CSP, which demonstrates differential gene expression upon different diet intake. There is an intriguing possibility that SlitCSP3 can perceive food-derived chemical signals and modulate insect feeding behavior. We predicted the three-dimensional structure of SlitCSP3 and subsequently performed an accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulation of the best-modeled structure. SlitCSP3 structure has six α-helices arranged as a prism and a hydrophobic binding pocket predominated by leucine and isoleucine. We analyzed the interaction of selected host plant metabolites with the modeled structure of SlitCSP3. Out of two predicted binding pockets in SlitCSP3, the plant-derived defensive metabolites 2-b-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), 6-Methoxy-2–benzoxazolinone (MBOA), and nicotine were found to interact preferably to the hydrophobic site 1, compared to site 2. The current study provides the potential role of CSPs in recognizing food-derived chemical signals, host-plant specialization, and adaptation to the varied ecosystem. Our work opens new perspectives in designing novel pest-management strategies. It can be further used in the development of CSP-based advanced biosensors.

scholarly journals The role of selected plant metabolites in host plant choice by caterpillars of Acrobasis advenella (Zincken, 1818) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Górska-Drabik ◽  
Klaudia Magierowicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Plant Choice

Abstract Acrobasis advenella is an oligophagous species feeding on plants of the Rosaceae family. The differences in concentrations of host plant quality components, above all primary metabolites and the presence or absence of secondary metabolites, directly affects herbivore growth and development. The objectives of this research were to determine the food preferences of 1st instar larvae according to the chemical composition of host plants. The highest acceptance of rowan in the free choice test by 1st instar larvae, as compared to hawthorn and black chokeberry, is positively influenced by the high content of total sugars and phenolic acids. The conclusion to be drawn from the results is that the differences in food choice by 1st instar larvae feeding on fruits could have been due to the different chemical compositions of the fruit.

How do extreme drought and plant community composition affect host plant metabolites and herbivore performance?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Walter ◽  
Roman Hein ◽  
Harald Auge ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein ◽  
Sonja Löffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Herbivore Performance

scholarly journals HPTLC-Based Chemical Profiling: An Approach to Monitor Plant Metabolic Expansion Caused by Fungal Endophytes

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Luis F. Salomé-Abarca ◽  
Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel ◽  
Özlem Erol ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer ◽  
Hye Kyong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Fungal endophytes isolated from two latex bearing species were chosen as models to show their potential to expand their host plant chemical diversity. Thirty-three strains were isolated from Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) and Euphorbia myrsinites (Euphorbiaceae). High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to metabolically profile samples. The selected strains were well clustered in three major groups by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the HPTLC data, and the chemical profiles were strongly correlated with the strains’ colony size. This correlation was confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) modeling using colony size as “Y” variable. Based on the multivariate data analysis of the HPTLC data, the fastest growing strains of each cluster were selected and used for subsequent experiments: co-culturing to investigate interactions between endophytes-phytopathogens, and biotransformation of plant metabolites by endophytes. The strains exhibited a high capacity to fight against fungal pathogens. Moreover, there was an increase in the antifungal activity after being fed with host-plant metabolites. These results suggest that endophytes play a role in plant defense mechanisms either directly or by biotransformation/induction of metabolites. Regarding HPTLC-based metabolomics, it has proved to be a robust approach to monitor the interactions among fungal endophytes, the host plant and potential phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Biotransformation of guttiferones, Symphonia globulifera metabolites, by Bipolaris cactivora, an endophytic fungus isolated from its leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1385
Author(s):  
Pauline Menelle ◽  
Jérôme Quintin ◽  
Kevin Cottet ◽  
Yann Fromentin ◽  
Joëlle Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Symphonia Globulifera

Biotransformations by endophytes of host-plant metabolites allow to produce molecular diversity and obtain molecules that are little present in the plant.

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