scholarly journals RNA interference of muscle actin and ATP synthase beta increases mortality of the phytoplasma vector Euscelidius variegatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Matteo Ripamonti ◽  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Cristina Marzachì
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector

scholarly journals Biological characterization of Euscelidius variegatus iflavirus 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ottati ◽  
Alberto Persico ◽  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Domenico Bosco ◽  
Marta Vallino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector

AbstractVirus-based biocontrol technologies represent sustainable alternatives to pesticides and insecticides. Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic plant pathogens causing severe losses to crops worldwide. Novel approaches are needed since insecticides against their insect vectors and rogueing of infected plants are the only available strategies to counteract phytoplasma diseases. A new iflavirus, named EVV-1, has been described in the leafhopper phytoplasma vector Euscelidius variegatus, raising the potential to use virus-based application strategies against phytoplasma disease. Here transmission routes of EVV-1 are characterized, and localization within the host reveals the mechanism of insect tolerance to virus infection. Both vertical and horizontal transmission of EVV-1 occur and vertical transmission was more efficient. The virus is systemic and occurs in all life-stages, with the highest loads measured in ovaries and first to third instar nymphs. The basic knowledge gained here on the biology of the virus is crucial for possible future application of iflaviruses as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Silencing of ATP synthase β induces female sterility in a leafhopper phytoplasma vector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Matteo Ripamonti ◽  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Marcello Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector

scholarly journals Silencing of ATP synthase β reduces phytoplasma multiplication in the leafhopper vector Euscelidius variegatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Matteo Ripamonti ◽  
Sabrina Palmano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus is a natural vector of the chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CYp) and a laboratory vector of the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp). Previous studies indicated a crucial role for insect ATP synthase α and β subunits during phytoplasma infection of the vector species. Gene silencing of ATP synthase β was obtained by injection of specific dsRNAs in E. variegatus. Here we present the systemic and long-lasting nature of such silencing, its effects on the small RNA profile, the significant reduction of the corresponding protein expression, and the impact on phytoplasma acquisition capability. The specific transcript expression was silenced at least up to 37 days post injection with an average reduction of 100 times in insects injected with dsRNAs targeting ATP synthase β (dsATP) compared with those injected with dsRNAs targeting green fluorescent protein (dsGFP), used as negative controls. Insects injected either with dsATP or dsGFP successfully acquired CYp and FDp during feeding on infected plants. However, the average phytoplasma amount in dsATP insects was significantly lower than that measured in dsGFP specimens, indicating a probable reduction of the pathogen multiplication rate when ATP synthase β was silenced. The role of the insect ATP synthase β during phytoplasma infection process is discussed.

Destruction of Actin Filaments by Osmium Tetroxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
P. Maupin-Szamier ◽  
T. D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Decay ◽  
Short Time

We have studied the destruction of rabbit muscle actin filaments by osmium tetroxide (OSO4) to develop methods which will preserve the structure of actin filaments during preparation for transmission electron microscopy.Negatively stained F-actin, which appears as smooth, gently curved filaments in control samples (Fig. 1a), acquire an angular, distorted profile and break into progressively shorter pieces after exposure to OSO4 (Fig. 1b,c). We followed the time course of the reaction with viscometry since it is a simple, quantitative method to assess filament integrity. The difference in rates of decay in viscosity of polymerized actin solutions after the addition of four concentrations of OSO4 is illustrated in Fig. 2. Viscometry indicated that the rate of actin filament destruction is also dependent upon temperature, buffer type, buffer concentration, and pH, and requires the continued presence of OSO4. The conditions most favorable to filament preservation are fixation in a low concentration of OSO4 for a short time at 0°C in 100mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0.

RNA Interference Technology

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fire ◽  
Marshall Nirenberg
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference
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