scholarly journals Termiticidal activity of chitosan against the subterranean termites Reticulitermes flavipes and Reticulitermes virginicus

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1704-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Raji ◽  
Juliet D Tang ◽  
Telmah Telmadarrehei ◽  
Dragica Jeremic
Keyword(s):  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus

scholarly journals Native Subterranean Termites: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), Reticulitermes hageni Banks (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-Yao Su ◽  
Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽  
Brian Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite ◽  
Reticulitermes Hageni

Most pest species of subterranean termites in North America belong to the endemic genus Reticulitermes. Reticulitermes species are found in every state in the continental United States except Alaska, but are most common in the warm and humid southeastern region. The eastern subterranean termite, R. flavipes is the most widely distributed and is found in the entire eastern region of North America as far north as Ontario, Canada, and south to Key Largo, Florida. Its counterpart, the western subterranean termite, R. hesperus Banks, is found along the entire Pacific Coast ranging from southern California to British Columbia. Reticulitermes tibialis occurs in the inter-mountain region of the West. In addition to R. flavipes, two other Reticulitermes occur in Florida, R. virginicus, and R. hageni. This document is EENY-212, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: May 2001. EENY-212/IN369: Native Subterranean Termites: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), Reticulitermes hageni Banks (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (ufl.edu)

Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from Reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of Trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3873-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick R. James ◽  
Vera Tai ◽  
Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽  
Patrick J. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Historically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. For example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, Trichonympha agilis (Leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of Reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in Reticulitermes flavipes. Here we revisit one of these, Reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from single-cell isolates and show that the Trichonympha in R. virginicus is distinct from isolates in the type host and describe this novel species as Trichonympha burlesque i n. sp. We also show the molecular diversity of Trichonympha from the type host R. flavipes is greater than supposed, itself probably representing more than one species. All of this is consistent with recent data suggesting a major underestimate of termite symbiont diversity.

scholarly journals Subterranean Termite Social Alarm and Hygienic Responses to Fungal Pathogens

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Bulmer ◽  
Bruno A. Franco ◽  
Edith G. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Alarm Behavior ◽  
Oscillatory Movement ◽  
Different Strains

In social insects, alerting nestmates to the presence of a pathogen should be critical for limiting its spread and initiating social mechanisms of defense. Here we show that subterranean termites use elevated vibratory alarm behavior to help prevent fatal fungal infections. The elevated alarm leads to elevated social hygiene. This requires that termites coalesce so that they can groom each other’s cuticular surfaces of contaminating conidial spores. Groups of 12 Reticulitermes flavipes workers varied in their response when immersed in conidia solutions of nine different strains of Metarhizium. Pathogen alarm displays of short 2–7-second bursts of rapid longitudinal oscillatory movement (LOM), observed over 12 min following a fungal challenge, were positively correlated with the time that workers spent aggregated together grooming each other. The frequency of these LOMs was inversely correlated with fatal fungal infections. The variation in fatalities appeared to be largely attributable to a differential response to Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium robertsii in the time spent in aggregations and the frequency of allogrooming. Isolated workers challenged with conidia did not display LOMs, which suggests that the alarm is a conditional social response. LOMs appear to help signal the presence of fungal pathogens whose virulence depends on the level of this emergency alert.

Termite Behavior: Measuring the Postanoxic Consumption Rates of Landscape Mulches by Eastern Subterranean Termites

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
D. Parks Collins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite

Populations of the Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, are widespread throughout most of the eastern United States. Subterranean termites have the ability to survive flooding conditions by lowering their metabolism. This lesson investigates the connection between the ability of termites to lower their metabolism to survive floods and their feeding behavior. Using an incubator, Petri dishes, and different types of mulch, termite consumption can be measured and compared. These results can be analyzed with a simple statistical test to look for significance.

scholarly journals Asexual queen succession in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes virginicus

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Vargo ◽  
Paul E. Labadie ◽  
Kenji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Queen Succession ◽  
Primary Reproductives

Termite colonies are founded by a pair of primary reproductives. In many species, including subterranean termites (family Rhinotermitidae), the primary king and queen can be succeeded by neotenic reproductives that are produced from workers or nymphs within the colony. It is generally believed that these neotenics inbreed within the colony, sometimes for many generations. Here, we show that primary queens of the North American subterranean termite, Reticulitermes virginicus , are replaced by numerous parthenogenetically produced female neotenics. We collected functional female neotenics from five colonies of R. virginicus in North Carolina and Texas, USA. Genetic analysis at eight microsatellite loci showed that 91–100% of the neotenics present within a colony were homozygous at all loci, indicating that they were produced through automictic parthenogenesis with terminal fusion. In contrast, workers, soldiers and alates were almost exclusively sexually produced by mating between the female neotenics and a single king. This is the second termite species shown to undergo asexual queen succession, a system first described in the Japanese species, Reticulitermes speratus . Thus, the conditional use of sexual and asexual reproduction to produce members of different castes may be widespread within Reticulitermes and possibly other subterranean termites.

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