scholarly journals Inhibition of larval growth and adult fecundity in Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis ) exposed to azadirachtins under quarantine laboratory conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean G Thompson ◽  
Amanda Tonon ◽  
Eduardo Beltran ◽  
Felix Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Horned Beetle

scholarly journals Growth of immature Chironomus calligraphus (Diptera, Chironomidae) in laboratory conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia S.A. Canteiro ◽  
Edélti F. Albertoni
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Spiral Form ◽  
Constant Growth

Chironomidae larvae are important macroinvertebrates in limnic environments, but little knowledge exists about their biometrics development characteristics. This study aims to describe the immature Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905 under laboratory conditions by the accomplishment of thirteen egg masses from eggs eclosion to adults emergency, at controlled room temperature (25ºC) and photoperiod (12-12h). Larvae were feed ad libitum with "Alcon Basic - MEP 200 Complex" fish food and commercial dehydrated Spirulina. The postures had a mean length of 9 ± 1 mm (n = 13) and 348 ± 66 eggs. The brownish colored eggs with elliptical shape had length of 160.3 ± 17.7 µm (n = 130), being arranged as an organized string in a pseudo spiral form. The time duration from the first to the four instars were three, four, four and eight days, and the average length of a cephalic capsule to each one of the instars (66.3 ± 12.3 µm, 102.9 ± 22.1 µm, 159 ± 24.6 µm, 249.2 ± 29.7 µm, n = 456) were significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The Dyar’s Rule showed a constant growth rate, r = 1.5. Our results demonstrated that C. calligraphus is a species with short life cycle, low mortality rate, food adaptability, fast larval growth and easily maintained at laboratory, factors that allowed the use of this native species as a tool for ecotoxicological tests.

Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Trunk Injection Against the Asian Long-Horned Beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Wang ◽  
Shao-Chen Che ◽  
Lan-Fen Qiu ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Jin-Li Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Fall Application

Abstract The efficacy of tree injected with emamectin benzoate (EB) against the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) was tested in a heavily infested willow forest in Beijing, China. In a 1.7-ha plot, 240 out of 310 trees were treated with two EB formulations at various rates. After fall application, the larval population decreased by 89% in the following spring and by &gt;99% during the second year detected by monitoring new frass emission from marked holes. Consequently, the number of exit holes of emerging adults decreased to 0 in the second year. Re-infestation occurred in the third year after application. This high efficacy and lasting activity might be contributed to: a) a favorable translocation of EB in trees when injected into the sapwood; b) the high intrinsic activity against ALB larvae with LC50 of 20–30 ppb; and c) a reduced lifespan of ALB adults by over 60% when feeding on twigs of EB-treated trees. On untreated control trees, the larval population decreased during the first winter. In the second year after application, the larval population was wiped out during winter and a re-infestation started from border trees by adults flying in from outside the trial plot. This pattern indicates an eradication of the ALB population in the 1.7-ha plot can be expected 2 yr after EB treatment. The benefit of treating with EB on the surrounding population was observed in both the untreated trees and imidacloprid-treated trees, suggesting that treatment of EB benefits both the treated trees and the surrounding trees in the area.

Incidence of pinewood nematode dauerlarvae and phoretic mites associated with long-horned beetles in central Louisiana

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Horned Beetles

In central Louisiana, Monochamustitillator and M. carolinensis are the principle vectors of dauerlarvae of the pinewood nematode. Although proportionally more M. carolinensis carry the nematode, M. titillator is the more abundant species. Neacanthocinusobsoletus, a common long-horned beetle found in dead pines, seldom carries the pinewood nematode. Twelve species of mites are found to have instars phoretic on these cerambycids. More species of mites are associated with M. titillator than with N. obsoletus and, with the exception of Histiogasterarborsignis, mites are more numerous on M. titillator. Longoseiuscuniculus, Trichouropodalamellosa, T. hirsuta, and Histiogaster spp. are the most common mite species. Deutonymphs of the two Trichouropoda spp. and Dendrolaelapsvaripunctatus were observed to prey upon the pinewood nematode under laboratory conditions.

Development of scar markers for the dna-based detection of the Asian long-horned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar R . Kethidi ◽  
David B. Roden ◽  
Tim R. Ladd ◽  
Peter J. Krell ◽  
Arthur Retnakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Horned Beetle

scholarly journals Larval culture and settlement of the intertidal gastropod Siphonaria australis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie Marinus
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

<p>Laboratory rearing studies on the larvae of benthic marine invertebrates are important in providing information on the development of marine species, particularly those with complex life history cycles. Intertidal gastropods of the genus Siphonaria have been well studied in aspects of their physiology, behaviour, ecology, and reproduction. However, to our current knowledge, there are no cases on the successful laboratory rearing, from hatching through to metamorphosis, of larvae within this genus. Siphonariids are a primitive family of basommatophoran limpets in which the majority produce encapsulated embryos that hatch into feeding, planktonic veliger larvae. For such larvae, the quality and quantity of phytoplankton food can strongly affect larval growth, survival, and the ability to settle and metamorphose successfully. The primary aim of this study was to identify the optimal algal feeding diet for culturing the larvae of Siphonaria australis to competence in laboratory conditions, with a focus on algal composition and quantity. Once having defined the preferred feeding conditions, a secondary aim was to successfully culture larvae through to metamorphosis, by identifying the required settlement cue(s).  First, I exposed newly hatched larvae to diets of three different algal compositions (all at a high concentration of 20,000 cells/mL): two unialgal diets of Isochrysis galbana and Pavlova lutheri, and a mixed diet consisting of a 1:1 ratio of both species. The results revealed that, although they grew in all diets, S. australis larvae exhibited highest growth and survival when fed the unialgal I.galbana diet.  In a second experiment, I exposed newly hatched larvae to three different food concentrations of the unialgal I. galbana diet; low (1,000 cells/mL), medium (10,000 cells/mL) and high (20,000 cells/mL). Larval growth and survival were highest when fed a high food concentration, with development and survival severely reduced in low food treatments. At the end of this experiment it was discovered that once larvae grew to ~350µm in length, at an age of approximately one month post-hatching, they began to demonstrate signs of competence and growth rates plateaued.  Finally, I exposed newly hatched larvae to optimum feeding conditions in an attempt to achieve larval settlement using different potential cues. Once larvae began to show signs of competence, they were exposed to five settlement cues: (1) live adults in filtered seawater (FSW), (2) adult-conditioned FSW, (3) rocks in adult-conditioned FSW, (4) rocks in regular FSW, and (5) crustose coralline algae-covered rocks in FSW. Larvae only successfully metamorphosed (i.e. exhibited loss of the larval velum) in treatments containing live adults.  In total, my results provide a successful method in culturing Siphonaria australis larvae in laboratory conditions, as well as determines the cue required to induce settlement and metamorphosis. Not only can this method aid in providing more information on the development of this species, but it may also be applied to other members in this genus as well, and further our knowledge on the overall biology of Siphonariid limpets.</p>

Development and characterization of polymorphic genomic-SSR markers in Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Liu ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Youqing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genomic Ssr ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Wood Borer

AbstractThe Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), is a wood-borer and polyphagous xylophage that is native to Asia. It infests and seriously harms healthy trees, and therefore is a cause for considerable environmental concern. The analysis of population genetic structure of ALB and sibling species Anoplophora nobilis (Ganglbauer) will not only help to clarify the relationship between environmental variables and mechanisms of speciation, but also will enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes. However, the known genetic markers, particularly microsatellites, are limited for this species. SSRLocator software was used to analyze the distribution and frequencies of genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR), to infer the basic characteristics of repeat motifs, and to design primers. We developed SSR loci of 2–6 repeated units, including 10,650 perfect SSRs, and found 140 types of repeat motifs. A total of 2621 SSR markers were discovered in ALB whole-genome shotgun sequences. 48 pairs of SSR primers were randomly chosen from 2621 SSR markers, and half of these 48 pairs were polymorphic containing 4 di-, 7 tri-, 2 tetra-, and 11-hexamer SSRs. Four populations test the effectiveness of the primers. These results suggest that our method for whole-genome SSR screening is feasible and efficient, and the SSR markers developed in this study are suitable for further population genetics studies of ALB. Moreover, they may also be useful for the development of SSRs for other Coleoptera.

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