Evaluating the potential for weed seed dispersal based on waterfowl consumption and seed viability

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2592-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A Farmer ◽  
Elisabeth B Webb ◽  
Robert A Pierce ◽  
Kevin W Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weed Seed

Weed Seed Viability in Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Larney ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

scholarly journals Effect of desiccation temperature on viability of immature dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) seeds dried in mowed inflorescences

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 580-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Martinková ◽  
A. Honěk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Ripe Seed ◽  
Viable Seeds

After flowering has ceased, dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) capitula close to enable maturation of seeds. In late summer the period of seed maturation lasts for 9 days. The capitula mowed later than 4 days after the start of this period and desiccated at 25°C produce viable seeds. If cut and prostrated on insolated ground inflorescences can experience temperatures exceeding 50°C which may impair seed viability. We determined the effect of desiccation temperature (5, 15, 25, 35, 45 or 55°C) on viability of ripening seeds using inflorescences harvested on September 5, 2008 at Prague-Ruzyne (50°05'N, 14°18'09 E), five days after flowering ceased (about 4 days before seed dispersal). As control, ripe seeds were collected at dispersal on the same day and desiccated at identical temperatures. Desiccated seeds were germinated at constant 17°C. Ripening seeds of maturing capitula only remained germinable if desiccation temperatures were ≤ 35°C (optimum 25°C) and were killed at 45 and 55°C. The viability of ripe seed was not affected by any of the desiccation temperatures. Time of germination of 50% seeds that germinated was significantly shorter in ripe than ripening seeds. Exposure of mowed dandelion inflorescences on insolated ground (solarization) may thus decrease production of viable seeds because of high temperatures experienced during desiccation.  

scholarly journals Potential for endozoochorous seed dispersal by sheep and goats: Risk of weed seed transport via animal faeces

Weed Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Oveisi ◽  
Ahmad Ojaghi ◽  
Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi ◽  
Heinz Müller‐Schärer ◽  
Kamran Reza Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Sheep And Goats

Transmission of weed seed by livestock: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Hogan ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds

Weed seeds are readily translocated by livestock by attachment to their coat, by consumption or in vehicles used for transporting them. Livestock transport by land, sea and air is increasing worldwide, which together with increasing livestock production, is anticipated to escalate the risk of weed incursions and displace native flora. There is a particular risk of widespread weed seed dissemination in Australia with its extensive grazing practices and significant amounts of livestock movement. Consumption of weed seeds is largely dependent on grazing management practices, with lax grazing facilitating inflorescence production, the seeds of which may then be consumed if grazing pressure increases. Seed passage through the animal depends on the type of seed and animal intake and is typically 30–70 h. The germination rate of weed seeds is usually reduced by passage through the animal, but faeces in which seed is excreted also have the potential to provide nutrients and moisture to support the germinated plant. Seed viability is largely determined by the type of seed dormancy (particularly the permeability of the seed coat) and the species of livestock. It is concluded that weed seed transmission by livestock is a growing concern that requires addressing at local, national and international levels.

Perennial Crop Nurseries Treated with Methyl Bromide and Alternative Fumigants: Effects on Weed Seed Viability, Weed Densities, and Time Required for Hand Weeding

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Greg T. Browne ◽  
Bruce D. Lampinen ◽  
Sally M. Schneider ◽  
Leo Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Time Required

scholarly journals Mustard and Other Cover Crop Effects Vary on Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor and on Weeds

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Bensen ◽  
Richard F. Smith ◽  
Krishna V. Subbarao ◽  
Steven T. Koike ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Lettuce Drop

Mustard cover crops have been suggested as a potential biofumigant for managing soilborne agricultural pests and weeds. We conducted several experiments in commercial lettuce fields in the Salinas Valley, CA, to evaluate the effects of mustard cover crops on lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor and on weed density and seed viability. In a long-term study, we measured the effects of white and Indian mustard cover crops on the density of S. minor sclerotia in soil, lettuce drop incidence, weed densities, weed seed viability, and crop yield in head lettuce. We also tested broccoli and rye cover crop treatments and a fallow control. Across several short-term studies, we evaluated the density of S. minor sclerotia in soil, lettuce drop incidence, weed densities, and weed seed viability following cover cropping with a mustard species blend. Numbers of sclerotia in soil were low in most experimental locations and were not affected by cover cropping. Mustard cover crops did not reduce disease incidence in the long-term experiment but the incidence of lettuce drop was lower in mustard-cover-cropped plots across the short-term experiments. With the exception of common purslane and hairy nightshade, weed densities and weed seed viability were not significantly reduced by cover cropping with mustard. Head lettuce yield was significantly higher in mustard-cover-cropped plots compared with a fallow control. Glucosinolate content in the two mustard species was similar to those measured in other studies but, when converted to an equivalent of a commercial fumigant, the concentrations were much lower than the labeled rate for lettuce production. Although mustard cover cropping resulted in yield benefits in this study, there was little to no disease or weed suppression.

A Method of Validating the Tetrazolium Assay for Testing Viability of Dormant Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindricalSeed

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
New Method ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Validation Method ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Crop Seed

Rapid biochemical tests developed for measuring viability of nondormant crop seed have been used for measuring dormant weed seed viability. The objective of this experiment was to propose and test a new method for validating one of these assays, the tetrazolium assay, for determining dormant weed seed viability. Subsamples of partially dormant jointed goatgrass seed from the same seed source were periodically subjected to sequential germination and tetrazolium assays as they afterripened until seed were completely nondormant. Changes in percent germinated, percent tetrazolium positive (presumably dormant), and percent tetrazolium negative (presumably dead) seed were graphed versus time, and compared with models of valid and invalid cases. The validation method showed that the tetrazolium assay accurately determined the viability of seed remaining after a 3-wk germination period for jointed goatgrass seed removed from joints at the start, but underestimated the viability for seed afterripened and germinated in joints. The validation method showed that additional research is needed to refine the tetrazolium assay for this latter purpose.

scholarly journals Weed seed survival in experimental mini-silos of corn and alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Simard ◽  
Camille Lambert-Beaudet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Mesh Bags

Weed seeds present in harvested silage have to survive silage fermentation and rumen digestion before they are dispersed as a contaminant of manure. Therefore, producing crops that are ensiled could lower the seed dispersal of weed escapes. This study is aimed at evaluating the viability of seven weed species after storage in experimental mini-silos filled with corn or alfalfa. Nylon mesh bags, each containing one hundred seeds of a weed species, were inserted at random locations in mini-silos filled with silage corn or alfalfa and stored for one, three or six months. The experiment included five mini-silos per storage time as well as untreated seeds. Water imbibition by intact seeds was also evaluated to determine if it could be related with survival in silage. After three and six months of storage few seeds were viable in any treatment (<0.1% of all seeds tested). Differences between weed species and silage type were observable after one month of storage and could not be related to seed coat permeability as measured by water imbibition. Ensiling for three to six months, or more, could be used to kill harvested weed seeds. Further evaluations in commercial farm silos could be done to support results.

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