scholarly journals The adverse impact of the neonicotinoid seed treatment ban on crop protection in oilseed rape in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M Dewar
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Listening to Slugs: Acceptability and Consumption of Molluscicide Pellets by the Grey Field Slug, Deroceras reticulatum

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Samantha Mirhaya de Silva ◽  
David Chesmore ◽  
Jack Smith ◽  
Gordon Port
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Deroceras Reticulatum ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ferric Phosphate ◽  
Significant Difference

Gastropod damage to crop plants has a significant economic impact on agricultural and horticultural industries worldwide, with the Grey Field Slug (Deroceras reticulatum (Müller)) considered the main mollusc pest in the United Kingdom and in many other temperate areas. The prevailing form of crop protection is pellets containing the active ingredient, metaldehyde. Metaldehyde can cause paralysis and death in the mollusc, depending on the amount ingested. The paralysing effects may result in reduced pellet consumption. A greater understanding of metaldehyde consumption may reveal an area that can be manipulated using novel molluscicide formulations. Novel pellet types included commercial metaldehyde pellets coated so that metaldehyde is released more slowly. In both laboratory and arena trials, an audio sensor was used to record individual slugs feeding on a variety of pellet types, including commercially available toxic pellets (metaldehyde and ferric phosphate) and novel metaldehyde formulations. The sensor was used to record the length of each bite and the total number of bites. There was no significant difference in the length of bites between pellet types in laboratory trials. Novel pellets were not consumed more than commercial pellet types. Commercial pellet types did not differ in consumption.

The Potential of ‘Biodiesel’ from Oilseed Rape

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Culshaw
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The United Kingdom

This paper investigates the potential of biodiesel made from rapeseed oil as a transport fuel in the United Kingdom with respect to its economics, technology and environmental implications.

Review of experiments on reduced cultivation and direct drilling in the United Kingdom, 1957–1974

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Davies ◽  
R Q Cannell
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Direct Drilling

In early experiments, before 1970, average yields of winter wheat and spring barley after direct drilling or shallow cultivation were less than after ploughing, but, in later experiments, there was little yield difference compared with ploughing. Direct drilling of forage brassicae and oilseed rape has become commercially important in the United Kingdom without much experimental work.

scholarly journals Spatial Aspects of Light Leaf Spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) Epidemic Development on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) in the United Kingdom

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Evans ◽  
A. Baierl ◽  
P. Brain ◽  
S. J. Welham ◽  
B. D. L. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction

In microplot experiments in 1998-99 and 1999-2000, the start of light leaf spot epidemics could be predicted from weather data, using empirical equations for Pyrenopeziza brassicae apothecial (ascospore) development, ascospore infection criteria, and the latent period of P. brassicae. The dates when P. brassicae sporulation was first observed fitted predictions and initial spread of light leaf spot from an inoculum source was mostly in the prevailing wind direction, with differences between the two growing seasons attributable to differences in wind patterns. Subsequent secondary spread of disease could be predicted using temperature and rainfall data, and observations fitted predicted dates. In both 1998-99 and 1999-2000, initial spatial patterns of observed disease in January were random, because data were not significantly different from a binomial distribution (P = 0.18). Analysis of spatial data from samples in February and March indicated aggregation, because data fit was significantly different from a binomial distribution (P ≤ 0.026). These data were described by a beta-binomial distribution, suggesting that the spatial distribution of light leaf spot becomes aggregated as secondary spread occurs. The importance of wind-dispersed ascospores in initiating epidemics and rain-splashed conidia in secondary localized spread in relation to strategies for sampling winter oilseed rape crops in the United Kingdom to assess light leaf spot is discussed.

Production and marketing of herbage seed in the United Kingdom

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
W M Evans
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Certification System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Certification Requirements

About half the herbage seed used in the United Kingdom is home-produced; ryegrasses are by far the most important species. Certification requirements are affected by the introduction of EEC standards for marketing; a two-tier certification system is being adopted. This article discusses the place of herbage seed crops in the farming system and outlines practices for establishment, production, harvesting and drying. Crop protection and weed control problems are briefly mentioned.

scholarly journals Residues of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Bee Collected Plant Materials from Oilseed Rape Crops and their Effect on Bee Colonies

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pohorecka ◽  
Piotr Skubida ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Piotr Semkiw ◽  
Piotr Sikorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Honey Yield

Abstract The risk exposure of bee colonies to the toxicity of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides was assessed. Various methods of chemical prevention of commercial winter and spring oilseed rape crops in field-realistic conditions were taken into account in the assessment. Pesticides were applied in accordance with the actual agricultural practice. Commercial crop protection products with thiamethoxam, clothianidin or imidacloprid were used as seed treatment. Formulations containing acetamiprid or thiacloprid were used for spraying. Fifteen healthy bee colonies were placed in close proximity to each of the oilseed rape fields throughout the blooming period. During florescence, the samples of nectar (directly from flowers and nectar flow from combs) and pollen loads were collected repeatedly. Samples of honey, bee bread and adult bees were taken one week after the end of plants flowering. To ensure high specificity and sensitivity of analysed pestcicides modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. The five of neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiametoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid) were analyzed in multi-residue method with 0.1 - 10 ng/g limits of detection. Palynological analysis was done to determine the botanical origin of the nectar, honey and pollen. Development of bee colonies (brood area, worker biomass, colony health) was assessed every 3 weeks until the end of the beekeeping season. The amount of pollen collected by bees per hive, bee bread area and rape honey yield was also measured. The long-term effects of insecticides on bees were estimated using the same methods in April of the following year. All the neonicotinoid insecticides applied to control oilseed rape pests were present in the samples of nectar and pollen. Their residue levels were lower than the acute oral and contact LD50 values. Among five examined neonicotinoids, the most frequently detected were: thiamethoxam, thiacloprid and acetamiprid. These substances were present in 65, 64, and 51% of the nectar samples and in 37, 62, and 45% of the pollen samples, respectively. The highest level of residues were noted after the thiamethoxam seed treatment; on average, 4.2 and 3.8 ng/g in the nectar and pollen samples. In the nectar and pollen samples from winter rape fields, lower levels of neonicotinoid residues were found in comparison to spring rape samples. The contaminations of neonicotinoids applied as seed dressing in nectar samples were significantly higher in comparison to the pollen samples. No negative effects of neonicotinoids on the bee mortality, brood development, strength, and honey yield of healthy bee colonies were found throughout the study period. However, the risk exposure of bee colonies on adverse impact of pesticide residues is high in areas of intensively cultivated oilseed rape.

A comparison of the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UK-CAT) with a traditional admission selection process

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Fernando ◽  
Gordon Prescott ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Kathryn Greaves ◽  
Hamish McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
The United Kingdom
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document