Phosphine resistance does not confer cross-resistance to sulfuryl fluoride in four major stored grain insect pests

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswaran Jagadeesan ◽  
Manoj K Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Sulfuryl Fluoride ◽  
Phosphine Resistance

scholarly journals Detection of Phosphine Resistance in Field Populations of Four Key Stored-Grain Insect Pests in Pakistan

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sehrish Gulzar ◽  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Populations

In Pakistan, the control of stored-product insect pests mainly relies on the use of phosphine gas along with other control tactics. The aim of this study was to determine the level of phosphine resistance among ten differently located populations of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Laboratory-susceptible populations of all insect species were also considered in the experiments. Concentration–response bioassays were conducted for each species. All of the tested populations (10 out of 10) of each species were found to be resistant to phosphine, but varied in their level of resistance. Probit analysis estimated LC50 at 2.85, 1.90, 2.54 and 2.01 ppm for laboratory-susceptible populations of R. dominica, S. granarius, T. castaneum and T. granarium, respectively. Against R. dominica, the highest and lowest resistance levels were observed in the Rahim Yar Khan (LC50 at 360.90 ppm) and Rawalpindi (LC50 at 210.98 ppm) populations, respectively. These resistant populations were 126.67- and 74.02-fold more resistant than the laboratory population. The Multan and Lahore populations of S. granarius exhibited the maximum (LC50 at 122.81 ppm) and minimum (LC50 at 45.96 ppm) resistance levels, respectively, i.e., they were 64.63- and 24.18-fold more resistant than the laboratory population. The Layyah population of T. castaneum showed the maximum resistance level (LC50 at 305.89 ppm) while the lowest was observed in the Lahore population (LC50 at 186.52 ppm), corresponding to 120.42- and 73.43-fold more resistant than the laboratory population, respectively. Regarding T. granarium, the Layyah population showed the maximum resistance level (LC50 at 169.99 ppm) while the Lahore population showed the minimum resistance (LC50 at 74.50 ppm), i.e., they were 84.57- and 37.06-fold more resistant than the laboratory population, respectively. Overall, R. dominica presented the highest resistance level, followed by T. castaneum, T. granarium and S. granarius. The current study suggests that the application of phosphine may not be an adequate control strategy for the management of the above tested insect pests in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Direct Immersion

Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, T. castaneum and R. dominica, were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for T. castaneum and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for R. dominica. 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in R. dominica. The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.

Treatment of grain in Australia

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Protectants

Though most of the important insect pests of stored grain occur in Australia, and conditions are ideal for their development, insect control since the introduction of malathion has been so effective that Australian Federal legislation now requires that grain for export must be totally insect-free. The appearance of resistance to malathion in 1968 and its subsequent development in most grain-insect species, however, emphasises the need for alternative safe and effective grain protectants.

A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
Opin Kumar ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Systems Management ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Rice Distribution ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Blight Disease

Sheath Blight, Disease, Rice, Distribution, Systems, Management.

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