Altered gene regulation and potential association with metabolic resistance development to imidacloprid in the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cheng Zhu ◽  
Randall Luttrell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Altered Gene

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA): MIRIDAE), ON GREEN BEANS IN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Stewart ◽  
A. R. Khattat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractCaged microplots of “Contender” green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were artificially infested with various densities of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) to determine the effect of feeding on yield and quality, and to establish economic injury levels. Plants infested at bloom or pod set stage were more severely injured than those infested at the flower bud stage. Higher infestation levels reduced crop yield, but the percentage of crude protein in bean seeds was not affected. Based on 1975 crop values and chemical control costs, economic injury levels ranged between 0.3 and 4.4 insects/10 plants depending on crop use, chemical control, and plant stage infested.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Effect of Solvents on the Efficacy of Neonicotinoid Insecticides Against Malaria Vector Populations Across Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Tatiane Assatse ◽  
Leon M. J. Mugenzi ◽  
Benjamin D. Menze ◽  
Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Bottle Test

Abstract Background New insecticides with a novel mode of action such as neonicotinoids have recently been recommended for public health by WHO. Resistance monitoring of such novel insecticides requires a robust protocol to monitor the development of resistance in natural populations. In this study, we comparatively used three different solvents to assess the susceptibility of malaria vectors to neonicotinoids across Africa.MethodsMosquitoes were collected from May to July 2021 from three agricultural settings in Cameroon (Njombe-Penja, Nkolondom, and Mangoum), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ndjili-Brasserie), Ghana (Obuasi), and Uganda (Mayuge). Using the CDC bottle test, we compared the effect of three different solvents (ethanol, acetone, MERO) on the efficacy of neonicotinoids against Anopheles gambiae s.l. In addition, TaqMan assays were used to genotype key pyrethroid-resistant markers in An. gambiae and to evaluate potential cross-resistance between pyrethroids and clothianidin.ResultsLower mortality were observed when using absolute ethanol or acetone alone as solvent (11.4- 51.9% mortality in Nkolondom, 31.7- 48.2% in Mangoum, 34.6- 56.1% in Mayµge, 39.4- 45.6% in Obuasi, 83.7- 89.3% in Congo and 71.05- 95.9% in Njombe pendja) compared to acetone + MERO for which 100% mortality were observed for all the populations. Synergist assays (PBO, DEM and DEF) revealed a significant increase of mortality suggesting that metabolic resistance mechanisms are contributing to the reduced susceptibility. A negative association was observed between the L1014F-kdr mutation and clothianidin resistance with a greater frequency of homozygote resistant mosquitoes among the dead than among survivors (OR=0.5; P=0.02). However, the I114T-GSTe2 was in contrast significantly associated with a greater ability to survive clothianidin with a higher frequency of homozygote resistant among survivors than other genotypes (OR=2.10; P=0.013). ConclusionsThis study revealed a contrasted susceptibility pattern depending on the solvents with ethanol/acetone resulting to lower mortality, thus possibly overestimating resistance, whereas the MERO consistently showed a greater efficacy of neonicotinoids but it could prevent to detect early resistance development. Therefore, we recommend monitoring the susceptibility using both acetone alone and acetone+MERO (8-10µg/ml for clothianidin) to capture the accurate resistance profile of the mosquito populations.

Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Thresholds in Transgenic MON 88702 Cotton Expressing the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 Trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
J C Corbin ◽  
T B Towles ◽  
W D Crow ◽  
A L Catchot ◽  
D R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern United States ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Recommended Action

Abstract The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is an important pest of cotton in many areas of the southern United States. An experiment was conducted at two locations in Mississippi during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate action thresholds for tarnished plant bug on a novel Bacillus thuringiensis cotton that expresses the Cry51Aa2.834_16 toxin. Treatments included the current action threshold, a 2× threshold, and treatments where insecticides were only applied during the early season (preflower) or only during late season (during flowering) based on the current action thresholds. These were compared to an untreated control and a weekly insecticide use regime that received weekly insecticide sprays. All treatments were imposed on both Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton and a nontraited cotton. The Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 trait reduced the number of tarnished plant bugs and injury, and improved yields compared to nontraited cotton. For all spray treatments except the weekly insecticide use regime, yields were greater for the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton than the nontraited cotton. In terms of thresholds, Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton sprayed based on current action thresholds resulted in similar yields to the weekly insecticide use regime of both cotton types. In contrast, the 2× threshold resulted in lower yields than the current threshold for both cotton types. Though thresholds intermediate to the currently recommended action threshold and the 2× threshold were not tested, these data suggest that currently recommended action thresholds appear appropriate for Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton. These results suggest that this trait will be an important component of current IPM programs in cotton where tarnished plant bug is an important pest.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) AND PREDACEOUS ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS IN COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED SELECTED NECTARIED AND NECTARILESS CULTIVARS OF COTTON

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Scott ◽  
G. L. Snodgrass ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Field Size ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Beneficial Arthropod

The effect of nectariless cotton cultivars on tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and beneficial arthropod populations was studied in Washington and Sunflower counties, Mississippi, in 1981 and 1982. Fifteen and 18 fields of nectaried and nectariless cotton were sampled in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Field size ranged from approximately 16 to 60 hectares, and all fields were sampled weekly with a D-Vac insect collector during June and July of both years. Adult tarnished plant bug populations were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the nectariless cotton in overall mean numbers in both years, and overall mean numbers of nymphs were significantly (P < 0.10) lower in the nectariless cotton in 1981. The combined adult and nymph population of tarnished plant bugs was reduced in the nectariless cotton an average of 44.0 and 34.0% in 1981 and 1982, respectively .These results demonstrate that nectariless cotton can suppress plant bug populations over a large area of cotton. A corresponding reduction in total numbers of predators also occured in the nectariless cotton. The overall mean for predators was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in the nectariless cotton in both years of the study. In 1981, percent reduction in number of tarnished plant bugs in nectariless cotton was significantly related to field size.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON SOYBEAN1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Freeman ◽  
A. J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Hosts

The seasonal occurrence of the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on soybean in Arkansas was examined in 1986 and 1987. Peak populations of TPB adults occurred in 1986 in mid-June in the southeast (SE) and mid-July in the southwest (SW) and westcentral (WC) areas. Population peaks in 1987 occurred in late July in the SW and WC areas but rapidly declined during the first week of August. Peaks occurred in each area at different plant growth stages. TPB adults apparently migrate from other plant hosts, probably wild hosts, to soybean for a brief period, after which they move to a more desirable host. Very few TPB nymphs were found relative to the number of samples taken and TPB adults collected.

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