Effects of tebuconazole on morphology, structure, cell wall components and trichothecene production ofFusarium culmorum in vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhensheng Kang ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Ulrich Krieg ◽  
Astrid Mauler-Machnik ◽  
Heinrich Buchenauer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

scholarly journals Ibudilast Mitigates Delayed Bone Healing Caused by Lipopolysaccharide by Altering Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Yuhan Chang ◽  
Chih-Chien Hu ◽  
Ying-Yu Wu ◽  
Steve W. N. Ueng ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Bridge ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Osteoclast Activity ◽  
Wall Components

Bacterial infection in orthopedic surgery is challenging because cell wall components released after bactericidal treatment can alter osteoblast and osteoclast activity and impair fracture stability. However, the precise effects and mechanisms whereby cell wall components impair bone healing are unclear. In this study, we characterized the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on bone healing and osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro and in vivo and evaluated the effects of ibudilast, an antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), on LPS-induced changes. In particular, micro-computed tomography was used to reconstruct femoral morphology and analyze callus bone content in a femoral defect mouse model. In the sham-treated group, significant bone bridge and cancellous bone formation were observed after surgery, however, LPS treatment delayed bone bridge and cancellous bone formation. LPS inhibited osteogenic factor-induced MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, calcium deposition, and osteopontin secretion and increased the activity of osteoclast-associated molecules, including cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in vitro. Finally, ibudilast blocked the LPS-induced inhibition of osteoblast activation and activation of osteoclast in vitro and attenuated LPS-induced delayed callus bone formation in vivo. Our results provide a basis for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of bone infection.

scholarly journals Specific bacterial cell wall components influence the stability of Coxsackievirus B3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeba H Dhalech ◽  
Tara D Fuller ◽  
Christopher M Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wall Components

Enteric viruses infect the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data indicate that enteric viruses can utilize intestinal bacteria to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the precise interactions between enteric viruses and bacteria are unknown. Here we examined the interaction between bacteria and Coxsackievirus B3, an enteric virus from the picornavirus family. We found that bacteria enhance the infectivity of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in vitro. Notably, specific bacteria are required as gram-negative Salmonella enterica, but not Escherichia coli, enhanced CVB3 infectivity and stability. Investigating the cell wall components of both S. enterica and E. coli revealed that structures in the O-antigen or core of lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, were required for S. enterica to enhance CVB3. To determine if these requirements were necessary for similar enteric viruses, we investigated if S. enterica and E. coli enhanced infectivity of poliovirus, another enteric virus in the picornavirus family. We found that, in contrast to CVB3, these bacteria enhanced the infectivity of poliovirus in vitro. Overall, these data indicate that distinct bacteria enhance CVB3 infectivity and stability, and specific enteric viruses may have differing requirements for their interactions with specific bacterial species.

Forage Quality Variation among Maize Inbreds: In Vitro Digestibility and Cell‐Wall Components

Crop Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lundvall ◽  
D. R. Buxton ◽  
A. R. Hallauer ◽  
J. R. George
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Quality Variation ◽  
Wall Components
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