Promotion of stomatal infiltration of glyphosate by an organosilicone surfactant reduces the critical rainfall period

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Field ◽  
Nicholas G. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Critical Rainfall ◽  
Organosilicone Surfactant

Foliar uptake of organosilicone surfactant oligomers into bean leaf in the presence and absence of glyphosate

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy A. Zabkiewicz ◽  
Peter J. G. Stevens ◽  
W. Alison Forster ◽  
Kevin D. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Organosilicone Surfactant

Outlining a stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system: an example of application in Aizi Valley, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Rainfall

<p>Abstract: In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempt to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow susceptible site for further monitoring, Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.</p>

Site- and rainfall-specific runoff coefficients and critical rainfall for mega-gully development in Kinshasa (DR Congo)

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (S1) ◽  
pp. 203-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Moeyersons ◽  
Fils Makanzu Imwangana ◽  
Olivier Dewitte
Keyword(s):  
Dr Congo ◽  
Critical Rainfall

Glyphosate Injury, Rainfastness, Absorption, and Translocation in Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanito V. Bariuan ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Study Activity ◽  
Organosilicone Surfactant

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to study activity, rainfastness, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate with and without a nonionic organosilicone surfactant in purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge responded differently to glyphosate depending on growth stage. Glyphosate at 2.24 kg ai/ha in 17-d-old and at 4.48 kg/ha in 10-wk-old plants controlled purple nutsedge at least 96%. Regrowth of plants and tuber resprouting were greatly reduced in these treatments. Organosilicone surfactant did not increase efficacy of glyphosate. A simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm (7.5 cm/h intensity) at 1 and 24 h after glyphosate application reduced efficacy by one-half and one-third, respectively, compared with no simulated rainfall. A rain-free period of 72 h prevented loss of glyphosate activity. Absorption of14C-glyphosate increased from 2.8% at 1 h after application to 21.4% at 168 h after application and translocation increased from 0.43% at 1 h after application to 5.18% at 168 h after application. Organosilicone surfactant did not affect absorption and translocation of glyphosate in purple nutsedge.

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