Cholinergic properties of pinched-off synaptic nerve endings from the central nervous system of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ash K. Dwivedy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Hepatic coma and amino acids in the nerve endings of the central nervous system

Life Sciences ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (22) ◽  
pp. 2129-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Ishikawa ◽  
Haruo Ishiyama ◽  
Takao Enomoto ◽  
Azusa Ozaki ◽  
Katashi Fukao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hepatic Coma ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE ACTION OF CURARE, ATROPINE, AND NICOTINE ON THE INVERTEBRATE HEART

1922 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Visceral Muscle ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intrinsic Motor

1. The alkaloids (curare, atropine, and nicotine) in molluscs and arthropods stimulate and paralyze the central nervous system and peripheral (visceral) ganglia, but do not paralyze the motor nerve endings to skeletal or visceral muscle. 2. They stimulate and paralyze the denervated heart. 3. They paralyze or block the cardioinhibitory nerves, but not the cardioaccelerator nerves. 4. In the Limulus heart these drugs act primarily on the heart ganglion, not on the heart muscle or the intrinsic motor nerve fibers.

Ultrastructural Changes in Hamster Retina Following Injection of 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
R. Taylor ◽  
M. Gerodetti ◽  
R.V. Blystone ◽  
P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Dislocation

It has been proposed that 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) may function either as a neural transmitter or as a neural regulator within the central nervous system. Upon administration of adequate amounts of 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, the level of 5-HT within the central nervous system is significantly increased. 5-hydroxy-tryptophan is actively transported from the blood into the central nervous system where it is decarboxylated to form a mobile pool of 5-HT which is presumably stored and concentrated within the synaptic vesicles of the nerve endings.Hamsters were administered 100-150 mg/kg of body weight injections of 5 hydroxy-tryptophan. Within 15 to 30 minutes post injection, the hamsters began experiencing massive tremors and loss of coordination but were observed entering a more tranquil state after an hour and a half. At two hours post injection, the hamsters were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the eyes removed, and retinal tissue obtained.

Breuer Discovers How the Balance Portion of the Inner Ear Works

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Josef Breuer presented his initial work on the inner ear to the Imperial Society of Physicians in 1873. His basic premise was that the semicircular canals sense angular movement of the head by movement of the fluid (endolymph) within them. The endolymph moves relative to the walls of the canals because of its inertia. In dissecting the semicircular canals of pigeons, he noted nerve endings contacting cells at the base of the ampulla and microscopic hairs extending from the top of the cells into a gelatinous bulb (the cupula). He hypothesized that movement of the endolymph fluid triggered by angular head movements bent the tiny hairs, activating the nerve endings at the base of the hair cells. The nerves in turn passed on signals reflecting the direction and magnitude of hair deflection to the central nervous system. At approximately the same time, Ernst Mach came to a similar conclusion.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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