scholarly journals Mating disruption for the control of Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) may contribute to increased effectiveness of natural enemies

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Vacas ◽  
Pilar Vanaclocha ◽  
Cristina Alfaro ◽  
Jaime Primo ◽  
María Jesús Verdú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii

The first account of the mating disruption technique for the control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae) using new biodegradable dispensers

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacas ◽  
C. Alfaro ◽  
V. Navarro-Llopis ◽  
J. Primo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii

AbstractSemiochemical-based pest management programs have been increasingly used to provide environmentally friendly methods for the control of major insect pests. The efficacy of the mating disruption technique has been demonstrated for several moth pests. Unfortunately, not many experiments on mating disruption to control diaspididae species have been documented. In this work, biodegradable dispensers for mating disruption with increasing pheromone loads were used in order to study the potential of this technique for the control of Aonidiella aurantii Maskell. Field trial results demonstrated that dispensers loaded with 50 mg (a.i.) (20 g ha−1) and 100 mg (a.i.) (40 g ha−1) of sex pheromone were the most suitable, achieving significant reductions in male catches, compared to an untreated plot. In treated plots, virtually a 70% reduction in damage to fruit was recorded. Pheromone release profiles of all the dispensers were also studied under field conditions. We found that emission values >250 μg day−1 were the most suitable. This study suggests a new biodegradable dispenser capable of interfering with normal A. aurantii chemical communication. The use of mating disruption as a control method against A. aurantii is discussed.

Relationship between red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and its natural enemies in the upper and lower parts of citrus trees in South Africa

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Samways
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Chemical Spray ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Inverse Density Dependence ◽  
One Year ◽  
Orange Trees

AbstractIn mature Valencia orange trees at three sites in the Transvaal lowveld, there was a variable differential between levels of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) in the upper and lower parts of the trees. At one site there were high scale levels in the crowns of the trees as a result of past poor chemical spray procedure. In recent years, pest management has maximized on the use of natural enemies, especially Aphytis spp. However, the natural enemies have not been able to ameliorate the crown problem. At generally high levels of Aonidiella aurantii, the natural enemies were ableonly, more or less, to maintain the average overall level of the scale from one year to the next; they could not bring it down. This arose each year from too many scales escaping parasitism and reaching the relatively invincible adult stage early in the season. As the behaviour of the parasitoids was inversely density-dependent at these relatively high scale levels, this led to a greater increase in scale numbers, leading eventually to up to 90% of the population (excluding crawlers) being composed of adult females. The inverse density dependence was also partly because the majority of single scales escaped parasitoid attack. In the lowveld, it is a prerequisite that the density of A. aurantii first be lowered by an introduced natural enemy (e.g. the coccinellid Chilocorus nigritus (F.)) that attacks the adult stage and/ or by chemical means before maximal use is made of the regulatory influence of the existing natural enemies, particularly Aphytis spp.

Toxicity of malathion to California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Moult Stage ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Pre Treatment

The natural enemies of red scale, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Comperiella bifasciata (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Lindorus lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were found to be much more susceptible to malathion than the female red scale in the second moult stage. It is concluded, therefore, that integration of malathion and biological control of red scale does not seem possible. Susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found to be a linear function of the duration of starvation prior to treatment. Individuals of A. melinus varied markedly in weight and this was found to be due to the number of parasites developed on one host and on the size of the host. A method based on wing length for estimating after treatment the pre-treatment weight of A. melinus is described, so that a correction for the weight of individuals may be applied. A circadian rhythm of susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found. It was shown that A. melinus possesses a mechanism for developing resistance to malathion. In eight generations of selection it had become 3.4 times more resistant and still had potential for further increase in resistance if selection were continued.

Ant-coccid mutualism in citrus canopies and its effect on natural enemies of red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Dao ◽  
A. Meats ◽  
G.A.C. Beattie ◽  
R. Spooner-Hart
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
New South ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Saissetia Oleae ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Low Incidence

AbstractMutualistic relationships between honeydew-producing insects and ants have been widely recognized for several decades. Iridomyrmex rufoniger (Lowne) is the commonest ant species associated with black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in the citrus orchards of the mid latitudes of coastal New South Wales. Citrus trees with high densities of both red and black scale and high ant activity were identified and the results of excluding ants from half of those trees (using a polybutene band on each trunk) were compared with the results of not excluding ants from the other half. Trees with a low incidence of black scale and ants were also studied. Exclusion of ants from trees was soon followed by collapse of black scale populations because most individuals were asphyxiated by their own honeydew. Also, parasitism of the red scale by Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) and Encarsia citrina Craw was significantly higher than in the control trees over the following year, as was the predation rate on red scale due to three coccinellid predators, Halmus chalybeus (Boisduval), Rhyzobius hirtellus Crotch and Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell). In contrast, another coccinellid, Orcus australasiae (Boisduval), and a noctuid moth larva, Mataeomera dubia Butler, were seen in low numbers on banded (ant exclusion) trees, probably because of the low availability of their black scale prey, but were significantly higher on control trees apparently because of their invulnerability to ants.

scholarly journals Scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) and their natural enemies, recorded on agricultural, ornamental and forest plant species in the wider area of Messenian Province (Peloponnese, Greece), 2000 – 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
G.J. Stathas ◽  
E.D. Kartsonas ◽  
A.I. Darras ◽  
P.J. Skouras
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Phenacoccus Madeirensis ◽  
Forest Plant Species ◽  
Chrysomphalus Aonidum ◽  
Protopulvinaria Pyriformis

Summary The scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) recorded on agricultural, ornamental and forest plant species in the wider area of Messenian Province (Peloponnese, Greece) during the years 2000 – 2020 are reviewed. Twenty species were recorded, which belong to four families: Diaspididae: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché), Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos), D. abietis (Schrank), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), L. gloverii (Packard), Lineaspis striata (Newstead), Targionia vitis (Signoret); Coccidae: Ceroplastes rusci (L.), Eulecanium sericeum (Lindinger), Nemolecanium graniformis (Wünn), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché), P. persicae (Fabricius), Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman), P. inopinatus Danzig and Kozár, Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell); Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) and Kermesidae: Kermes echinatus Balachowsky. The biology, phenology and natural enemies in Messenia are discussed for fifteen of these scale species.

Does mating disruption ofPlanococcus ficus and Lobesia botranaaffect the diversity, abundance and composition of natural enemies in Israeli vineyards?

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1837-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idan Shapira ◽  
Tamar Keasar ◽  
Ally R Harari ◽  
Efrat Gavish-Regev ◽  
Miriam Kishinevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Mating Disruption
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