Differential toxicity ofBacillus thuringiensisstrains and their crystal toxins against high-altitude Himalayan populations of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellaL.

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthugounder Mohan ◽  
Satya N Sushil ◽  
Govindan Selvakumar ◽  
Jagadish C Bhatt ◽  
Govind T Gujar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Differential Toxicity ◽  
Crystal Toxins

The Dynamics of Cooperative Bacterial Virulence in the Field

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 337 (6090) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Raymond ◽  
Stuart A. West ◽  
Ashleigh S. Griffin ◽  
Michael B. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
The Face ◽  
Crystal Toxins ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

Laboratory experiments have shown that the fitness of microorganisms can depend on cooperation between cells. Although this insight has revolutionized our understanding of microbial life, results from artificial microcosms have not been validated in complex natural populations. We investigated the sociality of essential virulence factors (crystal toxins) in the pathogenBacillus thuringiensisusing diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) as hosts. We show that toxin production is cooperative, and in a manipulative field experiment, we observed persistent high relatedness and frequency- and density-dependent selection, which favor stable cooperation. Conditions favoring social virulence can therefore persist in the face of natural population processes, and social interactions (rapid cheat invasion) may account for the rarity of natural disease outbreaks caused byB. thuringiensis.

scholarly journals High-altitude migration of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella to the U.K.: a study using radar, aerial netting, and ground trapping

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Chapman ◽  
Don R. Reynolds ◽  
Alan D. Smith ◽  
Joe R. Riley ◽  
David E. Pedgley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth

Contrast of Filament Bright Rims

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
E. V. Kononovich ◽  
O. B. Smirnova ◽  
P. Heinzel ◽  
P. Kotrč
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe Hα filtergrams obtained at Tjan-Shan High Altitude Observatory near Alma-Ata (Moscow University Station) were measured in order to specify the bright rims contrast at different points along the line profile (0.0; ± 0.25; ± 0.5; ± 0.75 and ± 1.0 Å). The mean contrast value in the line center is about 25 percent. The bright rims interpretation as the bases of magnetic structures supporting the filaments is suggested.

Clean Electron Microscope Substrate Films Used for Micrometeorite Collection and Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
D. M. Davies ◽  
R. Kemner ◽  
E. F. Fullam
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Film Specimen ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

All serious electron microscopists at one time or another have been concerned with the cleanliness and freedom from artifacts of thin film specimen support substrates. This is particularly important where there are relatively few particles of a sample to be found for study, as in the case of micrometeorite collections. For the deposition of such celestial garbage through the use of balloons, rockets, and aircraft, the thin film substrates must have not only all the attributes necessary for use in the electron microscope, but also be able to withstand rather wide temperature variations at high altitude, vibration and shock inherent in the collection vehicle's operation and occasionally an unscheduled violent landing.Nitrocellulose has been selected as a film forming material that meets these requirements yet lends itself to a relatively simple clean-up procedure to remove particulate contaminants. A 1% nitrocellulose solution is prepared by dissolving “Parlodion” in redistilled amyl acetate from which all moisture has been removed.

Dynamic electrocardiography at high altitude

1966 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude

Development of techniques for the evaluation of high altitude pressure suits.

1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Contini ◽  
Rudolfs Drillis ◽  
Lawrence Slote
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude
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