Team situation awareness for process control safety and performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kaber ◽  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Team Situation Awareness ◽  
And Performance

Cognitive Bowties: A New Approach to Analyzing Human Factors in Process Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Mark F. St. John
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Decision Cycle ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
And Performance

Effective process control requires good cognitive human factors to achieve safety and performance goals. These human factors include situation awareness tools, good communication and teamwork skills, and effective policies and procedures. Human factors analysts need to identify human factors in these tools, skills, and procedures, and ensure that they are effective. Cognitive bowties offer a new alternative approach to the abstraction hierarchy for identifying process control human factors that is simpler and more clearly points to the human factors that support key decisions in process control. Process control bowties have become a common tool in process control industries for analyzing systems in terms of hazards, threats that lead to those hazards, and barriers that prevent the threats from creating the hazards. Cognitive bowties focus on key decisions related to hazards and analyze those decisions in terms of the decision cycle (detect, interpret, decide, and act) and the cognitive human factors that affect them. First, the cognitive bowtie approach is described. Second, it is illustrated in depth in the context of deepwater drilling. Third, the cognitive bowtie approach is illustrated briefly in UAV control and military airspace monitoring to demonstrate its broad application. A primary limitation is that the approach applies only to hazard control.

scholarly journals Context-Based Visual Aids to Support the Situation Awareness of Field Engineers Conducting Windstorm Risk Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1898-1902
Author(s):  
Sruthy Agnisarman ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil ◽  
Jeffery Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Loss Prevention ◽  
Predictive Display ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance

Insurance loss prevention survey, specifically windstorm risk inspection survey is the process of investigating potential damages associated with a building or structure in the event of an extreme weather condition such as a hurricane or tornado. This process is performed by a trained windstorm risk engineer who physically goes to a facility to assess the wind vulnerabilities associated with it. This process is highly subjective, and the accuracy of findings depends on the experience and skillsets of the engineer. Although using sensors and automation enabled systems help engineers gather data, their ability to make sense of this information is vital. Further, their Situation Awareness (SA) can be affected by the use of such systems. Using a between-subjects experimental design, this study explored the use of various context-based visualization strategies to support the SA requirements and performance of windstorm risk engineers. The independent variable included in this study is the type of context-based visualizations used (with 3 levels: no visual aids, checklist based and predictive display based visual aids). We measured SA using SAGAT and performance using a questionnaire. SA and performance were found to be higher for the predictive display and checklist based conditions. The findings from this study will inform the design of context-based decision aids to support the SA of risk engineers.

scholarly journals Improving Human Ground Control Performance in Unmanned Aerial Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Marianna Di Gregorio ◽  
Marco Romano ◽  
Monica Sebillo ◽  
Giuliana Vitiello ◽  
Angela Vozella
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Ground Control Station ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Team Situation Awareness ◽  
Aerial Systems

The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems, commonly called drones, is growing enormously today. Applications that can benefit from the use of fleets of drones and a related human–machine interface are emerging to ensure better performance and reliability. In particular, a fleet of drones can become a valuable tool for monitoring a wide area and transmitting relevant information to the ground control station. We present a human–machine interface for a Ground Control Station used to remotely operate a fleet of drones, in a collaborative setting, by a team of multiple operators. In such a collaborative setting, a major interface design challenge has been to maximize the Team Situation Awareness, shifting the focus from the individual operator to the entire group decision-makers. We were especially interested in testing the hypothesis that shared displays may improve the team situation awareness and hence the overall performance. The experimental study we present shows that there is no difference in performance between shared and non-shared displays. However, in trials when unexpected events occurred, teams using shared displays-maintained good performance whereas in teams using non-shared displays performance reduced. In particular, in case of unexpected situations, operators are able to safely bring more drones home, maintaining a higher level of team situational awareness.

Level of Automation Forms a Key Aspect of Autonomy Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The concept of different levels of automation (LOAs) has been pervasive in the automation literature since its introduction by Sheridan and Verplanck. LOA taxonomies have been very useful in guiding understanding of how automation affects human cognition and performance, with several practical and theoretical benefits. Over the past several decades a wide body of research has been conducted on the impact of various LOAs on human performance, workload, and situation awareness (SA). LOA has a significant effect on operator SA and level of engagement that helps to ameliorate out-of-the-loop performance problems. Together with other aspects of system design, including adaptive automation, granularity of control, and automation interface design, LOA is a fundamental design characteristic that determines the ability of operators to provide effective oversight and interaction with system autonomy. LOA research provides a solid foundation for guiding the creation of effective human–automation interaction, which is critical for the wide range of autonomous and semiautonomous systems currently being developed across many industries.

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