Integrated inherent safety index (I2SI): A tool for inherent safety evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal I. Khan ◽  
Paul R. Amyotte
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index

scholarly journals Reliability-Based Safety Evaluation of the BISTOON Historic Masonry Arch Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Pouraminian ◽  
Somayyeh Pourbakhshian ◽  
Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi ◽  
Sevil Berenji ◽  
Salman Keyani Borujeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Arch Bridge ◽  
Historic Masonry

AbstractThis research examines the probabilistic safety assessment of the historic BISTOON arch bridge. Probabilistic analysis based on the Load-Resistance model was performed. The evaluation of implicit functions of load and resistance was performed by the finite element method, and the Monte-Carlo approach was used for experiment simulation. The sampling method used was Latin Hypercube. Four random variables were considered including modulus of elasticity of brick and infilled materials and the specific mass of brick and infilled materials. The normal distribution was used to express the statistical properties of the random variables. The coefficient of variation was defined as 10%. Linear behavior was assumed for the bridge materials. Three output parameters of maximum bridge displacement, maximum tensile stress, and minimum compressive stress were assigned as structural limit states. A sensitivity analysis for probabilistic analysis was performed using the Spearman ranking method. The results showed that the sensitivity of output parameters to infilled density changes is high. The results also indicated that the system probability of failure is equal to p fsystem =1.55 × 10−3. The bridge safety index value obtained is βt = 2.96, which is lower than the recommended target safety index. The required safety parameters for the bridge have not been met and the bridge is at the risk of failure.

scholarly journals Study on Evaluation Models of Highway Safety Based on Catastrophe Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hezheng Bi ◽  
Linjun Lu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
General Safety

Evaluating safety performance of first-class highways in China is important due to their high mortality rates. Traditional models for statistical crash prediction and traffic conflict techniques require long periods of data collection which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This paper introduces a safety evaluation method based on catastrophe theory for highways in China. The method firstly divides the highway into multiple road sections and uses video-based road detection (VRD) system to collect video data of existing road conditions. Then, experienced drivers and experts are invited to watch the collected videos to establish a multilayer safety index system and assign values to bottom indexes. By applying catastrophe theory, a general safety index is derived, which indicates the relative safety level of a road section. Finally, all road sections can be ranked based on the general safety index. A case study shows encouraging results where (1) the safety index is highly correlated with real mortality rates and (2) the safety index successfully identifies most dangerous road sections. The proposed method can be considered as a promising supplementary safety evaluation method that could help traffic engineers to better understand safety implications of first-class highways in China.

Assessing Inherent Health Hazard for Proposed Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Selection Of

Pada peringkat awal reka bentuk loji kimia, keputusan paling penting dan kritikal yang perlu dibuat adalah ketika pemilihan proses kimia yang bakal digunakan untuk penghasilan produk yang dikehendaki. Sebelum ini, ekonomi merupakan faktor yang diberi keutamaan dalam pemilihan proses kimia yang terbaik. Sebaliknya kini, faktor kesihatan, keselamatan serta alam sekitar merupakan isu penting yang menjadi tumpuan dan amat dititikberatkan dalam pengoperasian sesebuah loji. Risiko ke atas kesihatan para pekerja di kawasan loji berikutan terdedah kepada bahan–bahan kimia di tempat kerja dapat dikurangkan melalui pemilihan proses kimia yang betul. Proses yang paling ‘sihat’ dapat dikenal pasti dengan menjumlahkan ancaman ke atas kesihatan manusia. Dalam projek ini, PRHI telah diperkenalkan untuk menjangka potensi ancaman proses kimia ke atas kesihatan pekerja. Proses alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan produk yang sama akan disusun berdasarkan tahap kesihatan yang dihasilkan oleh setiap proses. Lebih tinggi nilai indeks yang diperolehi, maka lebih berbahayalah sesuatu proses itu. Nilai PRHI dikira berdasarkan pelepasan bahan kimia serta kuantiti bahan kimia yang dihidu oleh pekerja. Indeks yang telah dibangunkan dalam projek ini diaplikasikan ke atas enam proses kimia alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan metil metakrilat (MMA). Keputusan bagi pengiraan PRHI ini kemudiannya dibandingkan dengan Inherent Safety Index (ISI), Environmental Hazard Index serta kos penghasilan produk bagi kesemua enam proses alternatif. Kata kunci: ISHE, teknik penilaian keselamatan loji Proper selection of chemical process route is one of the main design decisions during the preliminary stages of chemical plant design. Previously, the most important factor for selecting the best chemical process route was only the economics. But now, safety, environmental and health issues have become important factors to be considered. Health risks on workers could also be reduced by proper selection of chemical process route. However, the health hazards needed to be quantified in order to choose the ‘healthiest’ route. Process Route Healthiness Index (PRHI) has been developed to foresee the potential health hazards from chemical processes. PRHIP ranks process routes in terms of their occupational healthiness. The higher the index, the higher is the hazard. PRHI is influenced by the health impact due to chemical releases and the concentration of airborne chemicals inhaled by workers. In this article, PRHI has been applied on six alternative routes for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA). The results of the ranking was compared to the Inherent Safety Index, Environmental Hazard Index and production costs for the six alternative chemical process routes. Key words: Occupational health hazard, assessment method, ISHE, ranking index

Inherent Safety Aspects for Layout Design of a Floating LNG Facility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiwei Xin ◽  
Salim Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Compact Design

This article outlines the aspects of inherent safety for the topside layout design of a floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility. An FLNG plant requires a compact design; meanwhile, it needs the safest layout to tackle multi-dimensional safety issues. Thus, the layout of the facility is a paramount factor for ensuring its safety in a cost effective way. Three layouts are proposed and evaluated from the inherent safety perspective. The layout of the process area is mainly focused due to its higher risks. Integrated inherent safety index, cost index and domino hazard index are used to evaluate the three layouts in quantitative terms. An optimal layout is finally chosen based on both inherent safety and cost performance.

scholarly journals Influence of the Inherent Safety Principles on Quantitative Risk in Process Industry: Application of Genetic Algorithm Process Optimization (GAPO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jahangiri ◽  
Abolfazl Moghadasi ◽  
Mojtaba Kamalinia ◽  
Farid Sadeghianjahromi ◽  
Sean Banaee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Early Design Phase

Inherent safety (IS) refers to a set of measures that enhance the safety level of processes and equipment, rendering additional equipment and/or add-ons. The early design phase of processes is suited best for implementation of IS strategies as some of such strategies either are impossible to be implemented at the operation phase or substantially increase costs. The purpose of this study is to present a new approach called genetic algorithm process optimization (GAPO), by which processes can be made inherently safer even at the operation phase. This study simulates the IS principle, assessing its impact on quantitative risk and the possible consequences of process incidents identified by Hazard and Operation Study (HAZOP). The principle of intensification was simulated through GAPO, and feasibility of implementation was approved by HYSYS. Moreover, the integrated inherent safety index (I2SI) was used to evaluate and quantify the level of IS following implementation of GAPO compared to the initial design. Our result shows that GAPO substantially reduced the risk of consequences and quantitative risks and concomitantly improved the I2SI. The proposed GAPO can be applied to process operation as an approach to enhance IS at no cost and without decrease in production.

scholarly journals Inherent safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Key Aspects

The recovery and valorization of waste are some of the key aspects of sustainable production. The crustacean exoskeletons can be potentially used to obtain value-added products such as chitosan. A comprehensive analysis including both safety and sustainability aspects of chitosan production from shrimp shells is presented in this study. The inherent safety analysis and sustainability evaluation was performed using the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) methodology and the Sustainable Weighted Return on Investment Metric (SWROIM), respectively. The process was designed for a processing capacity of 57,000 t/y according to shrimp production in Colombia. The economic (%ROI), environmental (PEI output), energy (exergy efficiency), and safety (ITI) technical parameters were included in the sustainability evaluation. The three first were obtained from the previous analysis performed by the authors. The total inherent safety index was estimated at 25 indicating that the process is inherently unsafe. The main process risks were given by the dangerous substance, reactivity, and inventory subindices. The overall sustainability evaluation showed a SWROIM of 36.23% indicating that the case study showed higher weighted performance compared to the return on investment (ROI) metric of 18.08%.

INHERENT SAFETY INDEX FOR PROTON MEMBRANE FUEL CELL VEHICLE SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazatul Niza Nordin ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali ◽  
Umi Aisah Asli ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Kamarizan Kidam
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

There are enormous numbers of indices being developed in process industries to describe, rank or quantify hazards to the people, properties and environments. Most indices are being applied to large scale and complex systems of process industries. Development of a swift and simple inherent safety index method which is relevant to small scale, less complex membrane fuel cell system particularly the one which to be applied during an early design stage is essential as an alternative to current comprehensive and yet time-consuming indices. In this work, a modified version of PIIS, modified prototype index for inherent safety (m-PIIS) was developed with the objectives of identifying, indicating and estimating inherent safety of fuel cell system at early design stage. The developed index was applied on four proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems; high pressure PEMFC system, low pressure PEMFC system, LH2 PEMFC system and on-board Me-OH PEMFC system. The developed index was also benchmarked against the original PIIS and ISI using the published results for the selection of process routes in MMA production. Results have indicated that m-PIIS has strong positive relationship with PIIS and ISI on most of the reaction step in MMA with the most significant are the C4, TBA, and C3 reaction steps. Other reaction steps such as C2/MP, C2/PA and ACH showed a strong positive relationship as well

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