scholarly journals Mutation Profiling Indicates High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia as Distant Precursors of Adjacent Invasive Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

The Prostate ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Gerrin ◽  
Adam G. Sowalsky ◽  
Steven P. Balk ◽  
Huihui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mutation Profiling

Criteria for Biopsy Diagnosis of Minimal Volume Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Iczkowski ◽  
David G. Bostwick
Keyword(s):  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Minimal Volume ◽  
Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nuclear Enlargement

Abstract Context.—Minimal volume prostatic adenocarcinoma (defined as involving less than 5% of biopsy tissue) is diagnosed increasingly today because of successful cancer screening. We previously described the diagnostic category called atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), suspicious for but not diagnostic of malignancy, present in about 2.5% of routine prostatic needle biopsy specimens. Objective.—To establish the criteria enabling a distinction between ASAP and cancer. Design.—We prospectively evaluated clinical and histologic findings from all 319 patients consecutively diagnosed as having ASAP or minimal cancer by prostatic needle biopsy in a consultation service. Seventeen histopathologic features were assessed. Results.—Fifty-six patients (18%) had ASAP, and 100 (31%) had minimal cancer; the remaining 163 (51%) had benign diagnoses, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or larger amounts of cancer. The mean age of patients with ASAP did not differ from that of patients with minimal cancer (64.2 years vs 63.3 years; P = .65). In 10 of 17 histopathologic findings, ASAP differed significantly from minimal cancer. Among architectural findings, ASAP foci averaged 0.4 vs 0.8 mm (P < .0001) and comprised a mean of 11 vs 17 acini (P < .0001). Infiltrative growth occurred in 75% of ASAP foci and 100% of minimal cancers (P < .0001). Among cytologic findings, ASAP was significantly less likely than cancer to have mitotic figures (0% vs 10%, respectively; P < .01) or prominent nucleoli in at least 10% of cells (55% vs 100%, respectively; P < .0001) and showed more frequent nuclear hyperchromasia (44% vs 9%, respectively; P < .0001) and less nuclear enlargement (P = .0002). Luminal blue mucin secretions were less common in ASAP than cancer (6% vs 33%, respectively; P < .0001), but eosinophilic granular secretions and crystalloids were about equally frequent. Concomitant high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 23% of ASAP cases and 57% of cancers (P < .0001). Moderate-to-severe atrophy confounded 59% of cases with ASAP and 35% of cancers (P = .003); both ASAP foci and cancer were associated with inflammation in about a quarter of cases. In each case with ASAP, we stratified our level of suspicion among 3 categories (favor benign, uncertain, and favor carcinoma). As suspicion increased so did the mean nuclear enlargement and percentage of cases with infiltrative growth and nuclear hyperchromasia (all P < .05). Conclusions.—These criteria, which differ significantly between ASAP and minimal volume cancer, can help to separate patients for whom a second biopsy is recommended from candidates for prostatectomy or other therapy.

Multifocal High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia is a Significant Risk Factor for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Merrimen ◽  
Glenn Jones ◽  
Danielle Walker ◽  
Chung S. Leung ◽  
Linda R. Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Grade

scholarly journals Glyoxalase 1 Expression as a Novel Diagnostic Marker of High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Liliana Rounds ◽  
Ray B. Nagle ◽  
Andrea Muranyi ◽  
Jana Jandova ◽  
Scott Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Glyoxalase 1

Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive oncometabolite formed in the context of energy metabolism as a result of high glycolytic flux. Prior clinical evidence has documented GLO1 upregulation in various tumor types including prostate cancer (PCa). However, GLO1 expression has not been explored in the context of PCa progression with a focus on high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a frequent precursor to invasive cancer. Here, we have evaluated GLO1 expression by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor samples from 187 PCa patients (stage 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GLO1 upregulation during tumor progression, observable in HGPIN and PCa versus normal prostatic tissue. GLO1 upregulation was identified as a novel hallmark of HGPIN lesions, displaying the highest staining intensity in all clinical patient specimens. GLO1 expression correlated with intermediate–high risk Gleason grade but not with patient age, biochemical recurrence, or pathological stage. Our data identify upregulated GLO1 expression as a molecular hallmark of HGPIN lesions detectable by immunohistochemical analysis. Since current pathological assessment of HGPIN status solely depends on morphological features, GLO1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker that identifies this precancerous lesion.

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