Prevalence and clinical significance of common respiratory pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of children with community‐acquired pneumonia in Zunyi, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2437-2443
Author(s):  
Xinmiao Li ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Shifei Yao ◽  
He Zha ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory tract infections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING CHEN ◽  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ying Jia ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background: Respiratory viruses are the main pathogens of acute respiratory infections. Viral respiratory pathogens in children are well studied, but the study on adults are limited. So we design this subject to determine viral respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infections of adults. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study for the patients with acute respiratory infections from June, 2017 through July, 2018 at Fever Clinic in Peking University Third Hospital. We collected throat swab from the patients diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract infections and sputum or throat swab diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. RT-PCRs were performed to detect infection with the following virus: human rhinovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, human coronavirus 229E/HKU1，Coronavirus OC43/NL63、ADV, RSV, PIV1-4, hMPV and EV. Results：185 throat swabs and sputum were collected from outpatients. Overall, 23.8% (44/185) were found to be positive for at least one respiratory virus. The virus detection rate for AURTIs and CAP was 23.3% (14/60) and 24.0 % (30/125), respectively. The most prevalent viruses detected were IFVs (13.5%, 25/185), PIVs (3.24%, 6/185) and HRVs (2.70%, 5/185). In the Influenza Virus, the highest positive detection rate is 21.4%（6/28）in the group >60 years old, while 11.0%( 14/127) in the group <40 years old and 13.3% (4/30) (P<0.05). Conclusion: In one-year study, IFVs were the dominant pathogens both in acute upper respiratory tract infections and community-acquired pneumonia, followed by PIVs and HRVs. The patients in the group >60 years old had a higher rate of influenza infection

scholarly journals Phage therapy in the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology: history, modern aspects, prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
G. G. Asriyan ◽  
M. M. Gurkova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Effective Use

Bacteriophages - viruses infecting bacteria are the largest known group of viruses, which in their structure mainly have doublestranded genomic DNA, but among them there are also groups with double-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA and RNA. The total population is about 1031–1032 phages, they play an essential role in the regulation of the world’s number of bacteria. The rather complex and diverse interaction of these representatives of the microcosm continues throughout the history of their existence on our planet. The question of the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of patients with various bacterial infections still remains completely unexplored. The very idea of using these microorganisms for therapeutic purposes dates back to the First World War, when the French biologist and researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered a special type of «bacteria-eating» viruses, on the basis of which he created drugs for the treatment of patients with dysentery. To date, a fairly large clinical experience has been accumulated in the use of phage preparations in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, as well as in the therapy and prevention of purulent-septic processes and nosocomial infections. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against various respiratory pathogens. The ability of bacteriophages to attach to the surface layer of mucus - mucin, forming an antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane and thus reducing the level of colonization of mucus by bacterial pathogens, determines their effective use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Due to certain unique properties of bacteriophages, peculiarities of vital activity and interaction with a bacterial cell, their use seems to be promising for the treatment of patients with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of common bacterial respiratory pathogens to antimicrobial agents in outpatients from south Backa District

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Horvat ◽  
Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic ◽  
Ana Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Introduction. Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract are the most common reasons why patients visit general practitioners. Overuse of antibiotics in treatment of these conditions is extremely common practice although these infections are most frequently caused by viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and susceptibility of common pathogens to antimicrobial agents that cause infections of the upper respiratory tract in outpatients and to determine whether the results obtained from the examined sample were in accordance with the recommendations of the current National Guideline. Material and Methods. .The study included 945 strains isolated from the throat and nasal swabs from January 1st to March 31st, 2008, as well as from 330 strains isolated from January 1st to March 31st, 2013 in South Backa District, Serbia. Susceptibility tests were performed by the standard disc diffusion method and according to the criteria recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results. The most commonly isolated strains were Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Branchamella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes, Branchamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae to examined antibiotics did not substantially change over the two study periods. None of the isolates of Staphylococcus aures demonstrated resistance to methicillin in 2008, while the percentage of resistant strains was 5.93% in 2013. Susceptibility rates of Staphylococcus pneumoniae isolates to erythromycin and clindamycin were lower in 2013 than in 2008. Conclusion. The investigation results follow the recommendations of the National Guideline for the usage of natural penicillin in the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is recommended for the treatment of rhinosinusitis, and second generation cephalosporins are the second choice.

scholarly journals The upper respiratory tract microbiome of hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia of unknown aetiology: a pilot study

Pneumonia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Wiemken ◽  
Venkatakrishna Rao Jala ◽  
Robert R. Kelley ◽  
Paula Peyrani ◽  
William A. Mattingly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Carriage of upper respiratory tract pathogens in rural communities of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Pneumonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise E. Morris ◽  
◽  
Hannah McNeil ◽  
Rebecca E. Hocknell ◽  
Rebecca Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Introduction Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in Malaysia. Whilst many studies have reported the aetiology of pneumonia in Western countries, the epidemiology of pneumonia in Malaysia remains poorly understood. As carriage is a prerequisite for disease, we sought to improve our understanding of the carriage and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of respiratory tract pathogens in Malaysia. The rural communities of Sarawak are an understudied part of the Malaysian population and were the focus of this study, allowing us to gain a better understanding of bacterial epidemiology in this population. Methods A population-based survey of bacterial carriage was undertaken in participants of all ages from rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Nasopharyngeal, nasal, mouth and oropharyngeal swabs were taken. Bacteria were isolated from each swab and identified by culture-based methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing conducted by disk diffusion or E test. Results 140 participants were recruited from five rural communities. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from participants (30.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (9.3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (6.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis (5.0%). Of the 21 S. pneumoniae isolated, 33.3 and 14.3% were serotypes included in the 13 valent PCV (PCV13) and 10 valent PCV (PCV10) respectively. 33.8% of all species were resistant to at least one antibiotic, however all bacterial species except S. pneumoniae were susceptible to at least one type of antibiotic. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first bacterial carriage study undertaken in East Malaysia. We provide valuable and timely data regarding the epidemiology and AMR of respiratory pathogens commonly associated with pneumonia. Further surveillance in Malaysia is necessary to monitor changes in the carriage prevalence of upper respiratory tract pathogens and the emergence of AMR, particularly as PCV is added to the National Immunisation Programme (NIP).

scholarly journals Bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract of turkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Kursa ◽  
Grzegorz Tomczyk ◽  
Anna Sawicka-Durkalec ◽  
Aleksandra Giza ◽  
Magdalena Słomiany-Szwarc
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe respiratory tracts of turkeys play important roles in the overall health and performance of the birds. Understanding the bacterial communities present in the respiratory tracts of turkeys can be helpful to better understand the interactions between commensal or symbiotic microorganisms and other pathogenic bacteria or viral infections. The aim of this study was the characterization of the bacterial communities of upper respiratory tracks in commercial turkeys using NGS sequencing by the amplification of 16S rRNA gene with primers designed for hypervariable regions V3 and V4 (MiSeq, Illumina). From 10 phyla identified in upper respiratory tract in turkeys, the most dominated phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Differences in composition of bacterial diversity were found at the family and genus level. At the genus level, the turkey sequences present in respiratory tract represent 144 established bacteria. Several respiratory pathogens that contribute to the development of infections in the respiratory system of birds were identified, including the presence of Ornithobacterium and Mycoplasma OTUs. These results obtained in this study supply information about bacterial composition and diversity of the turkey upper respiratory tract. Knowledge about bacteria present in the respiratory tract and the roles they can play in infections can be useful in controlling, diagnosing and treating commercial turkey flocks.

scholarly journals 3D reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets emphasizes focal infection pattern in the upper respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca M. Zaeck ◽  
David Scheibner ◽  
Julia Sehl ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractThe visualization of viral pathogens in infected tissues is an invaluable tool to understand spatial virus distribution, localization, and cell tropism in vivo. Commonly, virus-infected tissues are analyzed using conventional immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded thin sections. Here, we demonstrate the utility of volumetric three-dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence imaging using tissue optical clearing and light sheet microscopy to investigate host-pathogen interactions of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets at a mesoscopic scale. The superior spatial context of large, intact samples (> 150 mm3) allowed detailed quantification of interrelated parameters like focus-to-focus distance or SARS-CoV-2-infected area, facilitating an in-depth description of SARS-CoV-2 infection foci. Accordingly, we could confirm a preferential infection of the ferret upper respiratory tract by SARS-CoV-2 and emphasize a distinct focal infection pattern in nasal turbinates. Conclusively, we present a proof-of-concept study for investigating critically important respiratory pathogens in their spatial tissue morphology and demonstrate the first specific 3D visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals β-Lactam Resistance in Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Soo Tein Ngoi ◽  
Anis Najwa Muhamad ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Kartini Abdul Jabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among clinically important bacteria, including respiratory pathogens, is a growing concern for public health worldwide. Common causative bacteria for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, and sometimes Staphylococcus aureus. We assessed the β-lactam resistant trends and mechanisms of 150 URTI strains isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. High rates of non-susceptibility to penicillin G (38%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (48%), imipenem (60%), and meropenem (56%) were observed in S. pneumoniae. Frequent mutations at STMK and SRNVP motifs in PBP1a (41%), SSNT motif in PBP2b (32%), and STMK and LKSG motifs in PBP2x (41%) were observed in S. pneumoniae. H. influenzae remained highly susceptible to most β-lactams, except for ampicillin. Approximately half of the ampicillin non-susceptible H. influenzae harboured PBP3 mutations (56%) and only blaTEM was detected in the ampicillin-resistant strains (47%). Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were mostly resistant to penicillin G (92%), with at least two-fold higher median minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for all penicillin antibiotics (except ticarcillin) compared to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Almost all URTI strains (88–100%) were susceptible to cefcapene and flomoxef. Overall, β-lactam antibiotics except penicillins remained largely effective against URTI pathogens in this region.

scholarly journals Impact of antibiotic consumption on the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by school children

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Farkaš ◽  
Tatjana Čulina ◽  
Jadranka Sišul ◽  
Gordana Pelčić ◽  
Martina Mavrinac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
School Children ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Antibiotic consumption in the paediatric population is one of the key drivers of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, which is a serious global threat to public health and clinical medicine. The aims of this study were to investigate systemic antibiotic consumption in school children and to assess the associations among antibiotic consumption, carriage rate and resistance of respiratory pathogens residing in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. Methods In this prospective study, throat and nasopharyngeal swabs from 450 school children, 6–15 years of age (225 healthy children and 225 patients who were ambulatory treated for upper respiratory tract infection), were processed in 2014 in Rijeka, Croatia, and clinical data were obtained via a questionnaire. Results In total, 17% of the children had consumed an antibiotic in the previous 6 months, including 7% of the healthy children and 27% of the acutely ill patients. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (26%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (26%) and macrolides (18%). Respiratory pathogens were more frequently isolated from children who had consumed an antibiotic in the previous 6 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.67, P &lt; 0.001]. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also more frequent in children who had been exposed to antibiotics (OR 5.44, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Penicillins are the most frequently used antibiotics among school children. The results of this study demonstrate that antibiotic consumption is linked with higher carriage rates and resistance rates of respiratory tract pathogens. Therefore, rational use of antibiotics could prevent the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Inhibitory and Bactericidal Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Streptococcus pneumoniae on Other Inhabitants of the Upper Respiratory Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3990-3997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Pericone ◽  
Karin Overweg ◽  
Peter W. M. Hermans ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Culture Supernatants

ABSTRACT An inverse correlation between colonization of the human nasopharynx by Streptococcus pneumoniae andHaemophilus influenzae, both common upper respiratory pathogens, has been reported. Studies were undertaken to determine if either of these organisms produces substances which inhibit growth of the other. Culture supernatants from S. pneumoniaeinhibited growth of H. influenzae, whereas culture supernatants from H. influenzae had no effect on the growth of S. pneumoniae. Moreover, coculture of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae led to a rapid decrease in viable counts of H. influenzae. The addition of purified catalase prevented killing of H. influenzae in coculture experiments, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide may be responsible for this bactericidal activity. H. influenzae was killed by concentrations of hydrogen peroxide similar to that produced byS. pneumoniae. Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the pneumococcus through the action of pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) under conditions of aerobic growth. Both an spxB mutant and a naturally occurring variant of S. pneumoniae, which is downregulated in SpxB expression, were unable to kill H. influenzae. A catalase-reversible inhibitory effect of S. pneumoniae on the growth of the respiratory tract pathogens Moraxella catarrhalis andNeisseria meningitidis was also observed. Elevated hydrogen peroxide production, therefore, may be a means by which S. pneumoniae is able to inhibit a variety of competing organisms in the aerobic environment of the upper respiratory tract.

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