In vivo response times for a heated skin surface CO2 electrode during rest and exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Nickerson ◽  
Christopher Patterson ◽  
Ray McCrea ◽  
Frank Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Co2 Electrode ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The Possible Function of sIgA on the Skin Surface in Vivo.

1995 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako GOTO ◽  
Takahiro GYOTOKU ◽  
Shuhei IMAYAMA ◽  
Yoshiaki HORI
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface

Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in different postures in a hot humid environment

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kabayashi ◽  
S. M. Horvath ◽  
F. J. Diaz ◽  
D. R. Bransford ◽  
B. L. Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Supine Posture ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The time course of whole-body sweating and thermal regulation during rest and exercise in a hot humid environment was investigated in three body postures. After 45 min rest in the upright, low-sit, or supine posture, five unacclimatized men exercised for 45 min on a bicycle ergometer in the same posture in an environment of 49.5 degrees C, 28.9 Torr. Exercise was performed at two different work loads, corresponding to about 30 and 45% of VO2max. During exercise auditory canal temperature, rectal temperature, and mean skin temperature increased linearly being highest in the supine and lowest in the upright posture. Percentage of evaporated sweat from the skin to secreted sweat was 65% in upright, 52% in the low-sit, and only 46% in the supine posture during the last 20 min of exercise regardless of work load. The time course of the rate of body heat storage was different from predictions based on the thermal balance equation. Evaporative heat loss was not 100% effective in cooling the skin surface.

In vivo determination of skin surface topography using an optical 3D device

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Jacobi ◽  
Mai Chen ◽  
Gottfried Frankowski ◽  
Ronald Sinkgraven ◽  
Martina Hund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Skin Surface

Quantitative Evaluation of Skin Surface Roughness Using Optical Coherence Tomography In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzhar Askaruly ◽  
Yujin Ahn ◽  
Hyeongeun Kim ◽  
Andrey Vavilin ◽  
Sungbea Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Skin Surface Roughness

Acoustic Signals from Skeletal Muscle

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Barry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Intrinsic Component ◽  
Measuring Force ◽  
Muscle Sounds

Contracting skeletal muscles emit pressure waves that are audible at the skin surface and are easily recorded with standard microphones both in vivo and in vitro. These muscle sounds are an intrinsic component of the contractile mechanism and are produced by mechanical vibrations at the resonant frequency of the muscle. The sounds are useful in measuring force, fatigue, and mechanical properties of muscle.

In vitro characterisation of ultrasound-induced heating effects in the mother and fetus: A clinical perspective

Ultrasound ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2095319
Author(s):  
Stephanie F Smith ◽  
Piero Miloro ◽  
Richard Axell ◽  
Gail ter Haar ◽  
Christoph Lees
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Power Setting ◽  
Lower Temperature

Introduction The quantification of heating effects during exposure to ultrasound is usually based on laboratory experiments in water and is assessed using extrapolated parameters such as the thermal index. In our study, we have measured the temperature increase directly in a simulator of the maternal–fetal environment, the ‘ISUOG Phantom’, using clinically relevant ultrasound scanners, transducers and exposure conditions. Methods The study was carried out using an instrumented phantom designed to represent the pregnant maternal abdomen and which enabled temperature recordings at positions in tissue mimics which represented the skin surface, sub-surface, amniotic fluid and fetal bone interface. We tested four different transducers on a commercial diagnostic scanner. The effects of scan duration, presence of a circulating fluid, pre-set and power were recorded. Results The highest temperature increase was always at the transducer–skin interface, where temperature increases between 1.4°C and 9.5°C were observed; lower temperature rises, between 0.1°C and 1.0°C, were observed deeper in tissue and at the bone interface. Doppler modes generated the highest temperature increases. Most of the heating occurred in the first 3 minutes of exposure, with the presence of a circulating fluid having a limited effect. The power setting affected the maximum temperature increase proportionally, with peak temperature increasing from 4.3°C to 6.7°C when power was increased from 63% to 100%. Conclusions Although this phantom provides a crude mimic of the in vivo conditions, the overall results showed good repeatability and agreement with previously published experiments. All studies showed that the temperature rises observed fell within the recommendations of international regulatory bodies. However, it is important that the operator should be aware of factors affecting the temperature increase.

RNA, PROTEIN AND DNA SYNTHESIS STIMULATED BY TESTOSTERONE, INSULIN AND PROLACTIN IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE CULTURED IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Rat Ventral Prostate ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
H Protein

ABSTRACT In an organ type tissue culture of the rat ventral prostate in a chemically defined medium insulin (0.08 IU/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA within 6–12 h, the synthesis of protein within 6–12 h and the synthesis of DNA within 2–4 days. Testosterone (10−8 m) stimulated these synthetic processes somewhat more slowly: the synthesis of RNA within 12–24 h, protein within 12–24 h and DNA at 4 days. Rather high concentrations of insulin were needed while testosterone was effective at a physiological concentration. Prolactin (1000 ng/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA and protein, but not DNA, when added together with either testosterone or insulin, but was completely ineffective when added alone. The response times resembled those of insulin. The lower concentrations of prolactin were ineffective. Growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone did not stimulate the synthesis of RNA, protein or DNA even when added with testosterone. The results confirm the findings of the numerous in vivo experiments that the hypophyseal hormone prolactin has a direct effect on the ventral prostate.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment and Biological Effects of a New Cold Processed SilEmulsion for Dermatological Purpose

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Raposo ◽  
Ana Salgado ◽  
Lídia Gonçalves ◽  
Pedro C. Pinto ◽  
Manuela Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Skin Surface Lipids

It is of crucial importance to evaluate the safety profile of the ingredients used in dermatological emulsions. A suitable equilibrium between safety and efficacy is a pivotal concern before the marketing of a dermatological product. The aim was to assess the safety and biological effects of a new cold processed silicone-based emulsion (SilEmulsion). The hazard, exposure, and dose-response assessment were used to characterize the risk for each ingredient. EpiSkin assay and human repeat insult patch tests were performed to compare the theoretical safety assessment toin vitroandin vivodata. The efficacy of the SilEmulsion was studied using biophysical measurements in human volunteers during 21 days. According to the safety assessment of the ingredients, 1,5-pentanediol was an ingredient of special concern since its margin of safety was below the threshold of 100 (36.53). EpiSkin assay showed that the tissue viability after the application of the SilEmulsion was 92 ± 6% and, thus considered nonirritant to the skin. The human studies confirmed that the SilEmulsion was not a skin irritant and did not induce any sensitization on the volunteers, being safe for human use. Moreover, biological effects demonstrated that the SilEmulsion increased both the skin hydration and skin surface lipids.

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