scholarly journals A simple tree planting framework to improve climate, air pollution, health, and urban heat in vulnerable locations using non‐traditional partners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren P. Hopkins ◽  
Deborah J. January‐Bevers ◽  
Erin K. Caton ◽  
Laura A. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Simple Tree

scholarly journals Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10089
Author(s):  
Andre M. Eanes ◽  
Todd R. Lookingbill ◽  
Jeremy S. Hoffman ◽  
Kelly C. Saverino ◽  
Stephen S. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
East End ◽  
The City

Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily means for the entire record for the year, the temperature was found to exhibit a positive correlation with PM2.5. Analysis of hourly means on the ten hottest days yielded a diurnal pattern in which PM2.5 levels peaked in the early morning and reached their minima in the mid-afternoon. Spatially, sites exhibiting higher temperatures consistently had higher PM2.5 readings, with vulnerable communities in the east end and more intensely developed parts of the city experiencing significantly higher temperatures and PM2.5 concentrations than the suburban neighborhoods in the west end. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of air pollution in Richmond during extreme heat events that are similar in pattern but less pronounced than the temperature differences during these events, although further investigation is required to verify the extent of this relationship. As other studies have found both of these environmental stressors to correlate with the distribution of green space and other land-use factors in cities, innovative and sustainable planning decisions are crucial to the mitigation of these issues of inequity going forward.

scholarly journals Historical and future temporal trends in the summer Urban Heat Island of Athens (Greece) 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim van der Schriek ◽  
Konstantinos V. Varotsos ◽  
Dimitra Founda ◽  
Christos Giannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Heat

<p>Historical changes, spanning 1971–2016, in the Athens Urban Heat Island (UHI) over summer were assessed by contrasting two air temperature records from established meteorological stations in urban and rural settings. When contrasting two 20-year historical periods (1976–1995 and 1996–2015), there is a significant difference in summer UHI regimes. The stronger UHI-intensity of the second period (1996–2015) is likely linked to increased pollution and heat input. Observations suggest that the Athens summer UHI characteristics even fluctuate on multi-annual basis. Specifically, the reduction in air pollution during the Greek Economic Recession (2008-2016) probable subtly changed the UHI regime, through lowering the frequencies of extremely hot days (T<sub>max</sub> > 37 °C) and nights (T<sub>min</sub> > 26 °C).</p><p>Subsequently, we examined the future temporal trends of two different UHIs in Athens (Greece) under three climate change scenarios. A five-member regional climate model (RCM) sub-ensemble from EURO-CORDEX with a horizontal resolution of 0.11° (~12 × 12 km) simulated air temperature data, spanning the period 1976–2100, for the two station sites. Three future emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were implanted in the simulations after 2005. The observed daily maximum and minimum air temperature data (T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>min</sub>) from two historical UHI regimes (1976–1995 and 1996–2015, respectively) were used, separately, to bias-adjust the model simulations thus creating two sets of results.</p><p>This novel approach allowed us to assess future temperature developments in Athens under two different UHI intensity regimes. We found that the future frequency of days with T<sub>max</sub> > 37 °C in Athens was only different from rural background values under the intense UHI regime. There is a large increase in the future frequency of nights with T<sub>min</sub> > 26 °C in Athens under all UHI regimes and climate scenarios; these events remain comparatively rare at the rural site.</p><p>This study shows a large urban amplification of the frequency of extremely hot days and nights which is likely forced by increasing air pollution and heat input. Consequently, local mitigation policies aimed at decreasing urban atmospheric pollution are expected to be also effective in reducing urban temperatures during extreme heat events in Athens under all future climate change scenarios. Such policies therefore have multiple benefits, including: reducing electricity (energy) needs, improving living quality and decreasing heat- and pollution related illnesses/deaths.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS TANAMAN DALAM MEREDUKSI POLUSI BERDASARKAN KARAKTER FISIK POHON PADA JALUR HIJAU JALAN PAJAJARAN BOGOR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDUL HAFIZH AL-HAKIM
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
The Road

Pajajaran street is one of the main street in Bogor city which has been famous with a high density of vehicle so it has a of high levels of air pollution potential because of the vehicle emissions. This study was conducted to analysis the effectiveness of plants to absorb pollutants in the road side trees based on an assessment of the physical characteristics of the trees to support the surrounding environment and provide recommendations for increase the ecological function of Pajajaran Bogor road side trees in reducing the air pollution. The method of this study used descriptive analysis, spatial analysis, and air quality analysis used the CITYgreen 5.4. The ecological function evaluation of Pajajaran Bogor road side trees in reducing the air pollution shows there are 958 trees which very appropriate to absorb the air pollution, 238 trees which appropriate to absorb the air pollution, 70 trees which less appropriate to absorb the air pollution, and there is no tree which not appropriate to absorb the air pollution. While the function of absorbing particles evaluation shows there is one tree which very appropriate in absorbing the particles, 1136 trees which appropriate in absorbing the particles, 101 trees which less appropriate in absorbing the particles, and 73 trees which not appropriate in absorbing the particles. The result of analysis used CITYgreen 5.4 shows Pajajaran Street Bogor can reduce pollutants in the amount of 2544 lbs (1,298 ton/year) with economic benefits value by $ 6.268 (Rp75.167.175,12). Pajajaran Street Bogor need to add as many as 485 trees in an area that does not have a tree planting so as to optimally reduce the amount of pollution as much as 1.66 ton/year, equivalent to the economic value of Rp 121 095 216.

Urban Heat Management in Louisville, Kentucky: A Framework for Climate Adaptation Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 0739456X1987921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stone ◽  
Kevin Lanza ◽  
Evan Mallen ◽  
Jason Vargo ◽  
Armistead Russell
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

We explore the potential for cities to develop urban heat management plans to moderate rising temperatures and to lessen the impact of extreme heat on human health. Specifically, we model the impacts of heat management strategies, including tree planting and other green infrastructure, cool roofing and paving, and a reduction in waste heat emissions from buildings and vehicles, on estimated heat-related mortality across Louisville, Kentucky. Our assessment finds a combination of urban heat management strategies to lessen summer temperatures by as much as 10°F on hot days and to reduce estimated heat-related mortality by more than 20 percent.

The effect of chinook weather on urban heat islands and air pollution

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Nkemdirim ◽  
Keith Leggat
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE INTRA-CITY VARIATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND ITS RELATION TO LAND SURFACE/COVER PARAMETERS

2016 ◽  
Vol III-8 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
D. Gerçek ◽  
İ. T. Güven ◽  
İ. Ç. Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Urban Heat

Along with urbanization, sealing of vegetated land and evaporation surfaces by impermeable materials, lead to changes in urban climate. This phenomenon is observed as temperatures several degrees higher in densely urbanized areas compared to the rural land at the urban fringe particularly at nights, so-called Urban Heat Island. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is related with urban form, pattern and building materials so far as it is associated with meteorological conditions, air pollution, excess heat from cooling. UHI effect has negative influences on human health, as well as other environmental problems such as higher energy demand, air pollution, and water shortage. <br><br> Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has long been studied by observations of air temperature from thermometers. However, with the advent and proliferation of remote sensing technology, synoptic coverage and better representations of spatial variation of surface temperature became possible. This has opened new avenues for the observation capabilities and research of UHIs. <br><br> In this study, "UHI effect and its relation to factors that cause it" is explored for İzmit city which has been subject to excess urbanization and industrialization during the past decades. Spatial distribution and variation of UHI effect in İzmit is analysed using Landsat 8 and ASTER day & night images of 2015 summer. Surface temperature data derived from thermal bands of the images were analysed for UHI effect. Higher temperatures were classified into 4 grades of UHIs and mapped both for day and night. <br><br> Inadequate urban form, pattern, density, high buildings and paved surfaces at the expanse of soil ground and vegetation cover are the main factors that cause microclimates giving rise to spatial variations in temperatures across cities. These factors quantified as land surface/cover parameters for the study include vegetation index (NDVI), imperviousness (NDISI), albedo, solar insolation, Sky View Factor (SVF), building envelope, distance to sea, and traffic space density. These parameters that cause variation in intra-city temperatures were evaluated for their relationship with different grades of UHIs. Zonal statistics of UHI classes and variations in average value of parameters were interpreted. The outcomes that highlight local temperature peaks are proposed to the attention of the decision makers for mitigation of Urban Heat Island effect in the city at local and neighbourhood scale.

scholarly journals Nature-Based Solutions for Co-mitigation of Air Pollution and Urban Heat in Indian Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. Menon ◽  
Richa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Indian Cities

The urban population is subjected to multiple exposures of air pollution and heat stress and bear severe impacts on their health and well-being in terms of premature deaths and morbidity. India tops the list of countries with the highest air pollution exposure and hosts some of the most polluted cities in the world. Similarly, Indian cities are highly vulnerable to extreme heat with the frequency of heatwaves expected to increase several-fold in urban areas in India. It is reported that mitigating air pollution could reduce the rural-urban difference of the incoming radiation thus resulting in mitigation of the urban heat island effect. Since the interaction between urban heat and air pollution is dynamic and complex, both these factors should be considered by the urban authorities in designing mitigation strategies. Given the multi-functional nature and cost-effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions (NbS), they appear to be the most appropriate remedy for environmental issues of urban areas, particularly in developing countries. In addition to improving public health (through the reduction in air pollution and urban heat), NbS also provides a wide range of co-benefits such as reducing energy cost and health costs as well as conservation of biodiversity. This review is an attempt to understand the potentials of NbS in co-mitigating air pollution and urban heat in Indian cities. A framework for the planning and design of NbS in Indian cities is also proposed based on the review that could help city planners and decision-makers in addressing these two issues in an integrated manner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document