scholarly journals Resistance of European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) saplings to larval feeding by the emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis )

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Showalter ◽  
Robert J. Saville ◽  
Elizabeth S. Orton ◽  
Richard J. A. Buggs ◽  
Pierluigi Bonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
European Ash

scholarly journals Beginning of the spread of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on the territory of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
Т.В. Кучерявенко ◽  
Ю.Е. Скрыльник ◽  
О.В. Зинченко ◽  
А.И. Борисенко
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Detection Point ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

Целью исследования является выявление особенностей распространения ясеневой изумрудной узкотелой златки (ЯИУЗ) в насаждениях Луганской обл. в первый год после ее обнаружения. Обследованы насаждения с наличием в составе ясеня обыкновенного (Fraxinus excelsior L.) и ясеня зелёного, или пенсильванского (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), в лесном фонде трёх государственных лесоохотничьих предприятий (Старобельского, Белокуракинского и Сватовского), расположенных к западу от пунктов первого обнаружения ЯИУЗ в Луганской области. Установлено, что ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка присутствует практически во всех насаждениях с наличием в составе ясеня зелёного, что составляет 11,1% покрытой лесом площади. В течение 2020 г. ЯИУЗ распространилась на расстояние 32-52 км от первой точки обнаружения. Самая южная точка ее выявления - в районе с. Меловатка, самая западная - в районе с. Донцовка. Учитывая тенденцию распространения ЯИУЗ в юго-западном направлении, можно ожидать ее проникновения в Харьковскую и Донецкую области. Ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка заселяет в основном ясень зелёный, а у ясеня обыкновенного - поросль, деревья в насаждениях с низкой полнотой, на опушках и по периметру небольших по площади урочищ или лесополос. Средняя плотность личинок ЯИУЗ (±S.E.) в заселенных ветвях ясеня зелёного и ясеня обыкновенного достоверно не отличается (0,6±0,07 и 0,7±0,09 шт./дм2 соответственно). Однако доля образцов ясеня зелёного с наличием жизнеспособных личинок ЯИУЗ (91,4±3,12%; n = 45) была достоверно более высокой, чем ветвей ясеня обыкновенного (76,1±6,29%; n = 82). Вылетных отверстий ЯИУЗ в деревьях ясеня обыкновенного не обнаружено, а дополнительное питание её имаго отмечено только на листве деревьев ясеня зелёного. Наличие поселений ЯИУЗ в деревьях I-II категорий санитарного состояния свидетельствует о высокой агрессивности насекомого. Вопросы динамики состояния заселенных деревьев и выживания личинок ясеневой изумрудной узкотелой златки предстоит исследовать в дальнейшем, особенно относительно ясеня обыкновенного, который присутствует в насаждениях региона на 36,9% покрытой лесом площади. The goal of the research was to reveal the features of the spread of the emerald ash borer (EAB) in the stands of the Luhansk region during the first year after its detection. The stands with the presence of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the green ash (F. pennsylvanica) in the forest fund of Starobelskoe, Belokurakinskoe, and Svatovskoe Forest and Hunting Enterprises, located to the west of the points of the first detection of EAB in the Luhansk region, were examined. The EAB was found in almost all stands with the presence of green ash in the composition, which comprises 11.1% of the forested area. During 2020, the EAB spread over a distance of 32-52 km from the first detection point. The southernmost point where it was registered is near Melovatka, and the westernmost - is near Dontsovka. Taking into account the tendency of EAB to spread in the southwestern direction, we can expect its invasion to the Kharkiv and Donetsk regions. EAB inhabits mainly green ash, and in common ash it prefers sprouts, trees in the stands with low relative stocking density, and trees at the edges and along the perimeter of small forests or forest belts. The mean density (±S.E.) of EAB larvae in populated branches does not differ significantly for green ash and common ash (0.6±0.07 and 0.7±0.09 larvae/dm2, respectively). However, the proportion of EABcolonized branches of green ash (91.4±3.12%; n = 45) is significantly higher than that of common ash (76.1±6.29%; n = 82). The exit holes of EAB in the trees of common ash were not found. Maturation feeding of EAB was registered only in the trees of green ash. The presence of EAB galleries and larvae in the trees of the 1st and the 2nd categories of health condition (healthy-looking and weakened trees according to the Sanitary Rules in the Forests of Ukraine) indicates the aggressiveness of EAB. The dynamics of the health condition of EAB colonized trees, as well as the survival of its larvae are to be investigated further, especially for the common ash, which proportion in the stands of the region is about 36.9% of forest-covered area.

scholarly journals Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Andrzej O. Bieńkowski ◽  
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
European Ash

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of ash in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species is a threat to ash trees all over Europe. Survey in ten provinces of European Russia in 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster and farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected in St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) and Astrakhan Province (50 km from the Kazakhstan border). The current range of EAB in Europe includes Luhansk Province of Ukraine and 18 provinces of Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven quarantine phytosanitary zones in five provinces are declared by the National Plant Protection Organization of Russia. EAB was not found in the regions along the Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash and Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara and Saratov provinces. The infested sites in St. Petersburg and in the Lower Volga basin are range enclaves separated from the core invasion range by 470 and 370 km, correspondingly. It is possible that new enclaves can appear in the cities of Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan far from the current known range. All previously known infestations in European Russia were in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which was introduced from North America, and individual trees of European ash (F. excelsior). A first confirmed case of mass decline of several thousand of EAB-infested European ash trees in Moscow province is provided. Therefore, there is no more doubt that under certain conditions EAB can seriously damage native ash trees in European forests.

Detection and sampling of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Tools And Techniques

AbstractEmerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has caused devastating levels of mortality to ash trees (Fraxinus Linnaeus, Oleaceae) in North America. Early infestations of this insect are extremely difficult to detect due to cryptic larval feeding and lack of obvious signs or symptoms of initial attack. Considerable research has been conducted to develop tools and techniques aimed towards providing early detection and delimitation of populations of this invasive species. Sampling tools and techniques include: (1) relating visual signs and symptoms to the presence of EAB infestations; (2) use of girdled trap-trees to increase captures of adults and subsequent larval densities; (3) sub-sampling protocols to detect larvae under the bark based on their within-tree distribution; (4) artificial traps baited with pheromones and/or host volatiles attractive to adult EAB; (5) biosurvellience using buprestid-hunting wasps; and (6) remote sensing techniques. Additional research modelling patterns of infestation at the landscape scale indicate very clumped or aggregated distributions, greatly increasing the difficulty of early detection across large spatial scales. Further research is still required to increase the efficacy and efficiency of early detection tools and techniques, including cost/benefit analysis of the various sampling options, increased understanding of patterns of initial infestation across the landscape, development of sampling programs for both detection and delimitation, and development of sequential sampling programs to estimate EAB density. This information will enable foresters to make informed decisions regarding management strategies against this devastating pest.

scholarly journals How does the Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis ) affect ecosystem services and biodiversity components in invaded areas?

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schrader ◽  
R. Baker ◽  
Y. Baranchikov ◽  
L. Dumouchel ◽  
K. S. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis

scholarly journals The phyllosphere microbiome of host trees contributes more than leaf phytochemicals to variation in the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire gut microbiome structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractThe microbiome composition of living organisms is closely linked to essential functions determining the fitness of the host for thriving and adapting to a particular ecosystem. Although multiple factors, including the developmental stage, the diet, and host-microbe coevolution have been reported to drive compositional changes in the microbiome structures, very few attempts have been made to disentangle their various contributions in a global approach. Here, we focus on the emerald ash borer (EAB), an herbivorous pest and a real threat to North American ash tree species, to explore the responses of the adult EAB gut microbiome to ash leaf properties, and to identify potential predictors of EAB microbial variations. The relative contributions of specific host plant properties, namely bacterial and fungal communities on leaves, phytochemical composition, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, to the EAB gut microbial community was examined by canonical analyses. The composition of the phyllosphere microbiome appeared to be a strong predictor of the microbial community structure in EAB guts, explaining 53 and 48% of the variation in fungi and bacteria, respectively. This study suggests a potential covariation of the microorganisms associated with food sources and the insect gut microbiome.

Gut microbiome of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and its relationship with insect population density

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

ABSTRACT The gut microbial communities of beetles play crucial roles in their adaptive capacities. Environmental factors such as temperature or nutrition naturally affect the insect microbiome, but a shift in local conditions like the population density on a host tree could also lead to changes in the microbiota. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic wood borer that causes environmental and economic damage to ash trees in North America. This study aimed to describe the taxonomic structure of the EAB gut microbiome and explore its potential relationship with borer population size. The number of EAB adults collected per tree through a 75 km transect from an epicenter allowed the creation of distinct classes of population density. The Gammaproteobacteria and Ascomycota predominated in bacterial and fungal communities respectively, as determined by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer ITS2. Species richness and diversity of the bacterial community showed significant dependence on population density. Moreover, α-diversity and β-diversity analysis revealed some indicator amplicon sequence variants suggesting that the plasticity of the gut microbiome could be related to the EAB population density in host trees.

High temperature tolerance and thermal plasticity in emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sobek ◽  
Arun Rajamohan ◽  
Daniel Dillon ◽  
Robert C. Cumming ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance
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