Internal structure of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier, Colorado Front Range, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leopold ◽  
M.W. Williams ◽  
N. Caine ◽  
J. Völkel ◽  
D. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Green Lake

scholarly journals Photo-Interpretation of two Types of Rock Glacier in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Outcalt ◽  
James B. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Wall Rock ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Floor Rock ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Small Valley

AbstractTwo types of rock glacier occur in the Colorado Front Range. Rock glaciers on the floors of modern cirques closely resemble the tongues of small valley glaciers. Because they contain cores of banded glacial ice and grade up-valley into lateral moraines, rock glaciers of this type are believed to represent the debris-covered tongues of former glaciers. Most consist of two or more superimposed lobes, bounded by longitudinal furrows, and resulting from independent ice advances. Despite their compound nature, the complexes now appear to be moving down-slope as single units. Two generations of “cirque-floor” rock glaciers, both tentatively dated as being of post-Pleistocene age, occur in the Front Range.Rock glaciers of an entirely different character occur beneath steep valley walls, where they are supplied with debris by avalanche couloirs. Interstitial ice, responsible for the movement of “valley-wall” rock glaciers, probably results from the metamorphism of snow buried beneath rock-fall debris or supplied by winter avalanching.

Rock Glaciers and Block fields, Review and new data

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney E. White
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cores ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Weathered Rock ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Rock Glaciers

Tongue-shaped and lobate rock glaciers are recognized in most alpine regions today. For the tongue-shaped, two situations emerge: those with buried glacier ice (debris-covered glaciers) called ice-cored rock glaciers, and those with interstitial ice known as ice-cemented rock glaciers. Those with ice cores are revealed by depressions between rock glacier and headwall cliff (where a former glacier melted), longitudinal marginal and central meandering furrows, and collapse pits. Ice-cemented rock glaciers ordinarily do not possess these features. As applied to 18 rock glaciers in the Colorado Front Range, 11 of 12 east of the Continental Divide are ice-cored, 6 west of the Divide are ice-cemented. The majority of lobate rock glaciers in the Colorado Front Range are on the south sides of valleys, and, except for talus, are the most voluminous form of mass wasting. All those active and above treeline have characteristics common to all rock glaciers. In addition, they originate from talus, contain interstitial ice, move outward from valley walls at 1–6 cm/yr, and transport more debris as a process of erosion than heretofore realized. Block fields and block slopes, in polar and alpine regions, are thin accumulations of angular to subrounded blocks, on bedrock, weathered rock, or transported debris. They extend along slopes parallel to the contour. Block streams are similar but extend downslope normal to the contour and into valleys. They are made of interlocked blocks without interstitial detritus, but many have finer material deeper inside. The fabric of surface blocks indicates that motion most likely occurred during a periglacial time when interstitial debris, now washed or piped out, permitted movement of the whole deposit.

Photo-Interpretation of two Types of Rock Glacier in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Outcalt ◽  
James B. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Wall Rock ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Floor Rock ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Small Valley

Abstract Two types of rock glacier occur in the Colorado Front Range. Rock glaciers on the floors of modern cirques closely resemble the tongues of small valley glaciers. Because they contain cores of banded glacial ice and grade up-valley into lateral moraines, rock glaciers of this type are believed to represent the debris-covered tongues of former glaciers. Most consist of two or more superimposed lobes, bounded by longitudinal furrows, and resulting from independent ice advances. Despite their compound nature, the complexes now appear to be moving down-slope as single units. Two generations of “cirque-floor” rock glaciers, both tentatively dated as being of post-Pleistocene age, occur in the Front Range. Rock glaciers of an entirely different character occur beneath steep valley walls, where they are supplied with debris by avalanche couloirs. Interstitial ice, responsible for the movement of “valley-wall” rock glaciers, probably results from the metamorphism of snow buried beneath rock-fall debris or supplied by winter avalanching.

Nitrate content and potential microbial signature of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Williams ◽  
M. Knauf ◽  
R. Cory ◽  
N. Caine ◽  
F. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier

scholarly journals Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Williams ◽  
M. Knauf ◽  
N. Caine ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
P. L. Verplanck
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Source Waters
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