scholarly journals Lung cancer symptom appraisal, help‐seeking and diagnosis – rapid systematic review of differences between patients with and without a smoking history

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Os ◽  
Aron Syversen ◽  
Katriina L. Whitaker ◽  
Samantha L. Quaife ◽  
Sam M. Janes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Symptom Appraisal

scholarly journals Promoting lung cancer awareness, help-seeking and early detection: a systematic review of interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad M Saab ◽  
Serena FitzGerald ◽  
Brendan Noonan ◽  
Caroline Kilty ◽  
Abigail Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Symptom Awareness

Summary Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign ‘Be Clear on Cancer’, were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.

Smoking History as a Predictive Factor of Treatment Response in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Tony Mok ◽  
Helen Barraclough ◽  
Alena Strizek ◽  
Rebecca Lew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Small Cell Lung

scholarly journals Qualitative cross-country comparison of whether, when and how people diagnosed with lung cancer talk about cigarette smoking in narrative interviews

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e023934
Author(s):  
Senada Hajdarevic ◽  
Birgit H Rasmussen ◽  
Trine L Overgaard Hasle ◽  
Sue Ziebland
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Symptom Appraisal ◽  
Cross Country

ObjectivesTo compare and examine whether, when and how patients with lung cancer in three countries, with different survival rates, talk about cigarette smoking and its relationship with help-seeking.DesignA qualitative cross-country comparison with analysis of narrative interviews.SettingParticipants in Sweden, Denmark and England were interviewed during 2015–2016. Interviews, using a narrative approach, were conducted in participants’ home by trained and experienced qualitative researchers.ParticipantsSeventy-two men and women diagnosed with lung cancer were interviewed within 6 months of their diagnosis.ResultsThe English participants, regardless of their own smoking status, typically raised the topic of smoking early in their interviews. Smoking was mentioned in relation to symptom appraisal and interactions with others, including health professionals. Participants in all three countries interpreted their symptoms in relation to their smoking status, but in Sweden (unlike England) there was no suggestion that this deterred them from seeking care. English participants, but not Swedish or Danish, recounted reluctance to consult healthcare professionals with their symptoms while they were still smoking, some gave up shortly before consulting. Some English patients described defensive strategies to challenge stigma or pre-empt other people’s assumptions about their culpability for the disease. A quarter of the Danish and 40% of the Swedish participants did not raise the topic of smoking at any point in their interview.ConclusionThe causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer is well known in all three countries, yet this comparative analysis suggests that the links between a sense of responsibility, stigma and reluctance to consult are not inevitable. These findings help illuminate why English patients with lung cancer tend to be diagnosed at a later stage than their Swedish counterparts.

LUNGRADS AND UPDATE OF LUNG NODULES SCREENING BY LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang ◽  
Trong Khoan Le
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background: A pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded or irregular opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Early detection the malignancy of nodules has a significant role in decreasing the mortality, increasing the survival time and consider as early diagnosis lung cancer. The main risk factors are those of current or former smokers, aged 55 to 74 years with a smoking history of at least 1 pack-day. Low dose CT: screening individuals with high risk of lung cancer by low dose CT scans could reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 percent compared to chest X-ray. Radiation dose has to maximum reduced but respect the rule of ALARA (As Low as Resonably Archivable). LungRADS 2014: Classification of American College of Radiology, LungRADS, is a newly application but showed many advantages in comparison with others classification such as increasing positive predict value (PPV), no result of false negative and cost effectiveness. Key words: LungRADS, screening lung nodule, low dose CT, lung cancer

Efficacy and Safety of Antigen-specific Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Di Yan ◽  
Xiao-Feng Cong ◽  
Sha-Sha Zhao ◽  
Meng Ren ◽  
Zi-Ling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Background and Objective: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of antigen-specific immunotherapy (Belagenpumatucel-L, MAGE-A3, L-BLP25, and TG4010) in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). </P><P> Methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted. Eligible studies were clinical trials of patients with NSCLC who received the antigenspecific immunotherapy. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for overall response rate (ORR) and the incidence of adverse events. </P><P> Results: In total, six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 4,806 patients were included. Pooled results showed that, antigen-specific immunotherapy did not significantly prolong OS (HR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.83, 1.01; P=0.087) and PFS (HR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.85, 1.01; P=0.088), but improved ORR (RR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.68; P=0.016). Subgroup analysis based on treatment agents showed that, tecemotide was associated with a significant improvement in OS (HR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.99; P=0.03) and PFS (HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.99, P=0.044); TG4010 was associated with an improvement in PFS (HR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.00, P=0.058). In addition, NSCLC patients who were treated with antigen-specific immunotherapy exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse events than those treated with other treatments (RR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.24; P=0.046). </P><P> Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the clinical survival benefits of tecemotide and TG4010 in the treatment of NSCLC. However, these evidence might be limited by potential biases. Therefore, further well-conducted, large-scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings.

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