Star polymers by cross-linking of linear poly(benzyl-L-glutamate) macromonomers via free-radical and RAFT polymerization. A simple route toward peptide-stabilized nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (20) ◽  
pp. 4602-4610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Audouin ◽  
Ruther J. I. Knoop ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Andreas Heise
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
Linear Poly

Diverse approaches to star polymers via cationic and radical RAFT cross-linking reactions using mechanistic transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 5972-5981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mineto Uchiyama ◽  
Kotaro Satoh ◽  
Thomas G. McKenzie ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Greg. G. Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Cross Linking

Core cross-linked star polymers were synthesizedviacationic RAFT polymerization and three different approaches in combination with a radical RAFT mechanism.

scholarly journals Bound (“Glassy”) Rubber as a Free Radical Cross-linked Rubber Layer on a Carbon Black

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Anastasia Eliseeva ◽  
Alexander Svistkov
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Free Radical Reactions ◽  
Rubber Layer ◽  
Ion Beam Implantation ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
The Cross

A model of rubber with a cross-linked rubber layer on a carbon black filler has been proposed. The cross-links are the result of free radical reactions generated by carbon atoms with unpaired electrons at the edge of graphitic sheets in a carbon black filler. The experimental study of the cross-linking reactions in polyisoprene was done on a flat carbonized surface after ion beam implantation. The cross-linking process in the polyisoprene macromolecules between two particles was simulated. The model with a cross-linked rubber layer on a carbon filler as a “glassy layer” explains the mechanical properties of the rubber materials.

scholarly journals Star polymers with acid-labile diacetal-based cores synthesized by aqueous RAFT polymerization for intracellular DNA delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Gibson ◽  
Peter Smyth ◽  
Mona Semsarilar ◽  
Aidan P. McCann ◽  
William J. McDaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Acid Labile

Facile low temperature aqueous heterogeneous RAFT polymerization for preparation of novel star polymers with acid-labile diacetal-based cores for DNA delivery.

Kinetics of Free-Radical Cross-Linking Polymerization: Comparative Experimental and Numerical Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 5831-5841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Lattuada ◽  
Emanuela Del Gado ◽  
Tiziana Abete ◽  
Lucilla de Arcangelis ◽  
Stefano Lazzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Kinetics Of

Synthesis of Star Polymers using RAFT Polymerization: What is Possible?

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik ◽  
Thomas P. Davis ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Radical Concentration ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Polymer Architectures ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Careful Design

Various pathways to generate star polymers using reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) are discussed. Similar to other polymerization techniques, star polymers can be generated using arm-first and core-first approaches. Unique to the RAFT process is the subdivision of the core-first approach into the R-group and Z-group approaches, depending on the attachment of the RAFT agent to the multifunctional core. The mechanism of the R- and Z-group approaches are discussed in detail and it is shown that both techniques have to overcome difficulties arising from termination reactions. Termination reactions were found to broaden the molecular weight. However, these side reactions can be limited by careful design of the synthesis. Considerations include RAFT and radical concentration, number of arms, type of RAFT agent and monomer. Despite obvious challenges, the RAFT process is highly versatile, allowing the synthesis of novel polymer architectures such as poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) star polymers.

Evaluating the Effect of Termination by Chain - Chain Coupling in Living Free-Radical Polymerizations

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Pyun ◽  
Ian Rees ◽  
Jean M. J. Fréchet ◽  
Craig J. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Star Polymer ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Radical Coupling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Radical Polymerizations

A novel approach based on the reaction of multifunctional star polymers with chromophore-labelled linear polymers is presented for evaluating the extent of termination by chain–chain coupling during living free-radical polymerizations. A mixed initiating system consisting of an unlabelled, multifunctional initiator and an excess of a monofunctional alkoxyamine initiator containing a chromophore, such as pyrene, is used to initiate the living polymerization of vinyl monomers leading to a mixture of star and linear polymers. The occurrence of chain–chain coupling is readily identified and quantified by isolating the star polymer that is obtained and elucidating the level of incorporation of pyrene units by UV/vis spectroscopy. This allows the level of chain–chain coupling to be determined since the inclusion of pyrene into the star structure is a direct result of termination by radical coupling.

The application of spatially restricted geometries as a unique route to produce well-defined poly(vinyl pyrrolidones) via free radical polymerisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (45) ◽  
pp. 6441-6444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tarnacka ◽  
Paulina Maksym ◽  
Andrzej Zięba ◽  
Anna Mielańczyk ◽  
Monika Geppert-Rybczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Radical Polymerisation ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

We report the metal-free green synthesis of linear poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) of well-defined properties via free-radical polymerisation performed under confinement.

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