Kinetics of ethylene polymerization reactions with chromium oxide catalysts

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 5315-5329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury V. Kissin ◽  
Anita J. Brandolini ◽  
Joyce L. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Ethylene Polymerization ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Chromium Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Kinetics Of

Dehydrogenation of Substituted Alcohols to Aldehydes on Zinc Oxide-Chromium Oxide Catalysts

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gulková ◽  
Miloš Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Type Rate ◽  
Chromium Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Kinetics Of

Sixteen primary alcohols of the structure RCH2OH (R = CH3, C2H5, (CH3)2CH, (CH3)3CCH2, HOCH2, CH3OCH2, C6H5, C6H5CH2, C6H5OCH2, ClCH2, BrCH2, F3C, CNCH2, (CH3)2NCH2, (C2H5)2NCH2 and tetrahydrofurfuryl) were explored for the possibility of obtaining the corresponding aldehydes by dehydrogenation on solid catalysts. Various catalysts were tested and two zinc oxide-chromium oxide catalysts were selected for further work because their activity and selectivity was satisfactory; moreover, the selectivity could be improved by addition of sodium into the catalysts and of water into the feed. The reaction was performed in the temperature range 250-450 °C and at atmospheric pressure. 2-Chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, ethylene glycol, 2-cyanoethanol and 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethanol decomposed and deactivated the catalyst. The other alcohols were studied from the point of kinetics of dehydrogenation, which was described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type rate equation (3), and of substituent effects on rate, which were correlated by Taft equation (1) with the slope ρ = -1.46. The preparative value of catalytic dehydrogenation for obtaining substituted aldehydes was confirmed by prolonged runs and isolation of the aldehydic product by distillation using as the feeds 2-methoxyethanol and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol, respectively.

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