scholarly journals How Online Content Providers Moderate User‐Generated Content to Prevent Harmful Online Communication: An Analysis of Policies and Their Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-206
Author(s):  
Sabine A. Einwiller ◽  
Sora Kim
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Moderate User

scholarly journals Generous Attitudes and Online Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Fiers ◽  
Aaron Shaw ◽  
Eszter Hargittai
Keyword(s):  
Dictator Game ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Experimental Measure ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Some of the most popular websites depend on user-generated content produced and aggregated by unpaid volunteers. Contributing in such ways constitutes a type of generous behavior, as it costs time and energy while benefiting others. This study examines the relationship between contributions to a variety of online information resources and an experimental measure of generosity, the dictator game. Results suggest that contributors to any type of online content tend to donate more in the dictator game than those who do not contribute at all. When disaggregating by type of contribution, we find that those who write reviews, upload public videos, write or answer questions, and contribute to encyclopedic collections online are more generous in the dictator game than their non-contributing counterparts. These findings suggest that generous attitudes help to explain variation in contributions to review, question-and-answer, video, and encyclopedic websites.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Mickey D’s Has More Street Cred Than McDonald’s: Consumer Brand Nickname Use Signals Information Authenticity

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224292199627
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Vanessa M. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Brand Attachment ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Brand Relationship Quality

Consumers often observe how other consumers interact with brands to inform their own brand judgments. This research demonstrates that brand relationship quality-indicating cues, such as brand nicknames (e.g., Mickey D’s for McDonald’s and Wally World for Walmart), enhance perceived information authenticity in online communication. An analysis of historical Twitter data followed by six experiments (using both real and fictitious brands across different online platforms, e.g., online reviews and social media posts) show that brand nickname use in user-generated content signals a writer’s relationship quality with the target brand from the reader’s perspective, which the authors term inferred brand attachment (IBA). The authors demonstrate that IBA boosts perceived information authenticity and leads to positive downstream consequences, such as purchase willingness and information sharing. The authors also find that this effect is attenuated when brand nicknames are used in firm-generated content. How consumers’ relationships with brands are portrayed and perceived in a social context (e.g., via brand nickname use) serves as a novel context to examine user-generated content and provides valuable managerial insight regarding how to leverage consumers’ brand attachment cues in brand strategy and online information management.

scholarly journals Electronic word-of-mouth as a Branding Tool for Sunset Restaurants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Gkoumas
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Brand Relationships ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Characteristics

This paper aims to investigate the effect of electronic-word-of-mouth(e-WOM)on brand awareness and equity for the emerging segment of sunset restaurants. By applying the method of user-generated content analysis the current research examines the impact of reviews posted on TripAdvisor regarding sunset restaurants in Thailand. The findings of the study indicate that certain contextual elements along with content characteristics enhanced the brand relationships between the travelers and dining establishments. The meta-commentary interpretation of the online content reveals that recommendation reciprocity and review consensus stimulate the affinity among the users while increasing the visitor empathy for particular restaurants

scholarly journals UGC Sharing Motives and Their Effects on UGC Sharing Intention from Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives: Focusing on Content Creators in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9644
Author(s):  
Do-Hyung Park ◽  
Sungwook Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Community Commitment

Recently, user-generated content (UGC) has been in the limelight. This study investigates why Internet users share their own UGC and reveals how the motives behind UGC sharing affect UGC sharing intentions both quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on motivations established in existing online communication literature, theoretical UGC motives are identified. Using online surveys administered to 300 users in South Korea, factor analysis is performed to identify empirical UGC sharing motives, and regression analyses shows how UGC sharing motives affect UGC sharing intention in terms of quality and quantity. A total of 10 theoretical UGC motives are consequently factorized into five motives. It is revealed that three motives—self-creation, self-expression, and reward—are related to individual purposes. Users get enjoyment from creating content, they want to be recognized by others, and further expect to be rewarded socially and economically. The other two motives, community commitment and social relationships, are related to social purposes. Users share UGC as a means of communication, desire feedback from others, and want to feel a sense of belonging within certain communities. All of these motives positively affect UGC sharing intention. This is the first study to empirically clarify UGC sharing motives. In addition, this study reveals UGC-centric self-creation and self-expression motives, which have not been the focus of previous online communication studies. Finally, the research results suggest how UGC site managers can adopt practical strategies related to UGC management.

Emotion and Virality: What Makes Online Content Go Viral?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Berger ◽  
Katherine L. Milkman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Online Content ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Content

Abstract "Companies are relying more and more on online communication to reach consumers. While some viral campaigns are tremendously successful, others remain far below expectations. But why are certain pieces of online content more viral than others? An analysis conducted on the New York Times’ most-emailed list, along with further experimental evidence, showed that positive content is more viral than negative content. However, the relationship between emotion and social transmission is more complex than valence alone. Virality is driven, in part, by activation and arousal. Content that evokes either high-arousal positive emotions (awe) or negative emotions (anger or anxiety) tends to be more viral. Content that evokes low arousal or deactivating emotions (e.g., sadness) tends to be less viral. These results were also true when examining how surprising, interesting, or practically useful content is (all of which are positively linked to virality), as well as external drivers of attention (e.g., how prominently content is featured). Taking the effect of emotions into account helps to design effective viral marketing campaigns. "

User-generated online content and hospitality firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Hospitality Firms ◽  
Client Needs ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) in the shape of user-generated content plays a central role in reviews and recommendations of hospitality firms. Different approaches to the management of online content are evident but operators adopting a more proactive approach are better positioned to effectively meet client needs, boost reputation and remain competitive. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

When Climate-Induced Change Reaches Social Media: How Realistic Travel Expectations Shape Consumers’ Attitudes toward the Destination

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1413-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Scholl-Grissemann ◽  
Mike Peters ◽  
Karin Teichmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Consumer Response ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

The Web 2.0 has significantly changed how consumers plan for and book trips. For example, online content showing climate-induced, unfavorable conditions at a destination might influence overall attitudes toward that destination. Two experimental studies confirm that when consumers learn of unfavorable conditions in a destination (e.g., snow deficiency) through online content, they develop more realistic travel expectations and ultimately more positive attitudes toward the destination, compared with when they review online content that ignores the unfavorable conditions. In addition, user-generated content influences the mediating effect of realistic expectations on the relationship between climate-induced, unfavorable conditions at a destination and attitudes toward the destination, whereas DMO-generated content does not. Implications underline the importance of realistic destination marketing communication strategies. The study contributes to the understanding of consumer response to realistic social media content in tourism.

scholarly journals The platform governance triangle: conceptualising the informal regulation of online content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gorwa
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Informal Regulation ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Oversight Body

From the new Facebook ‘Oversight Body’ for content moderation to the ‘Christchurch Call to eliminate terrorism and violent extremism online,’ a growing number of voluntary and non-binding informal governance initiatives have recently been proposed as attractive ways to rein in Facebook, Google, and other platform companies hosting user-generated content. Drawing on the literature on transnational corporate governance, this article reviews a number of informal arrangements governing online content on platforms in Europe, mapping them onto Abbott and Snidal’s (2009) ‘governance triangle’ model. I discuss three key dynamics shaping the success of informal governance arrangements: actor competencies, ‘legitimation politics,’ and inter-actor relationships of power and coercion.

A netnography of war heritage sites’ online narratives: user-generated content and destination marketing organizations communication at comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Irimiás ◽  
Serena Volo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Field Research ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Institutional Communication

Purpose The aim of this paper is twofold: to provide empirical evidence of the knowledge-sharing process within virtual communities interested in war heritage sites and to compare user-generated content (UGC) in virtual communities with destinations’ official communication about war heritage sites to identify, original and consumer-oriented narratives. Design/methodology/approach This study uses field research to investigate selected war heritage sites and to assess the destinations’ on-site communication; in-depth interviews to learn about the destination marketing organizations’ approaches to communication; and netnography with content analysis of text and pictures to evaluate the online knowledge shared within virtual communities on the investigated war heritage sites. A comparison between users-generated content and official destination management organizations’ (DMOs) communication was carried out. Findings The results show that the destinations under investigation have invested significantly to develop war heritage tourism, but they still struggle to attract tourists. The comparison between DMOs communication narratives and users-generated content shows that DMOs fail to use emotional involvement and accurate historic knowledge which seems to be at the basis of UGC narratives. Indeed, history passionates posts, pictures, comments and exchanges are emotionally engaging and DMOs could benefit from the user-generated content approach to improve institutional communication on war heritage sites. Research limitations/implications Further studies could survey history passionates, both online and offline, as to better explore the relationship between contributing to virtual communities’ content and visitation patterns of war heritage sites. Incorporating more emotionally engaging narratives, DMOs could enhance their communication and create virtual spaces where knowledgeable tourists can share information and experiences. Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of online knowledge sharing in the context of war heritage tourism. The comparison between UGC in virtual communities and official destinations’ narratives shows the potential of spontaneous knowledge sharing versus structured online communication and how the latter could benefit UGC.

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