Universal and cross‐cancer prognostic biomarkers for predicting survival risk of cancer patients from expression profile of apoptotic pathway genes

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2000311
Author(s):  
Chakit Arora ◽  
Dilraj Kaur ◽  
Gajendra P. S. Raghava
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Survival Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The treatment of pleural effusions in cancer patients: circulating prognostic biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Koziej ◽  
J Viehof ◽  
M Lotscha ◽  
T Plönes ◽  
K Mardanzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Pleural Effusions

The warburg effect and tumour cell survival in human GBMs

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wolf ◽  
J Mukherjee ◽  
A Guha
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
The Warburg Effect

Introduction: GBMs are resistant to apoptosis induced by the hypoxic microenvironment and standard therapies including radiation and chemotherapy. We postulate that the Warburg effect, a preferential glycolytic phenotype of tumor cells even under aerobic conditions, plays a role in these aberrant pro-survival signals. In this study we quantitatively examined the expression profile of hypoxia-related glycolytic genes within pathologically- and MRI-defined “centre” and “periphery” of GBMs. We hypothesize that expression of hypoxia-induced glycolytic genes, particularly hexokinase 2 (HK2), favours cell survival and modulates resistance to tumour cell apoptosis by inhibiting the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Methods: GBM patients underwent conventional T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI and MR spectroscopy studies on a 3.0T GE scanner, prior to stereotactic sampling (formalin and frozen) from regions which were T1-Gad enhancing (“centre”) and T2-positive, T1-Gad negative (“periphery”). Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to quantify regional gene expression of glycolytic genes including HK2. In vitro functional studies were performed in U87 and U373 GBM cell lines grown in normoxic (21% pO2) and hypoxic (< 1%pO2) conditions, transfected with HK2 siRNA followed by measurement of cell proliferation (BrdU), apoptosis (activated caspase 3/7, TUNEL, cytochrome c release) and viability (MTS assay). Results: There exists a differential expression profile of glycolytic enzymes between the hypoxic center and relatively normoxic periphery of GBMs. Under hypoxic conditions, there is increased expression of HK2 at the mitochondrial membrane in GBM cells. In vitro HK2 knockdown led to decreased cell survival and increased apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, as seen by increased mitochondrial release of cytochrome-C. Conclusions: Increased expression of HK2 in the centre of GBMs promotes cell survival and confers resistance to apoptosis, as confirmed by in vitro studies. In vivo intracranial xenograft studies with injection of HK2-shRNA are currently being performed. HK2 and possibly other glycolytic enzymes may provide a target for enhanced therapeutic responsiveness thereby improving prognosis of patients with GBMs.

scholarly journals Physical Comorbidities and Depression in Recent and Long-Term Adult Cancer Survivors: NHANES 2007–2018

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3368
Author(s):  
Dafina Petrova ◽  
Andrés Catena ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco ◽  
Daniel Redondo-Sánchez ◽  
Eloísa Bayo-Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Many adult cancer patients present one or more physical comorbidities. Besides interfering with treatment and prognosis, physical comorbidities could also increase the already heightened psychological risk of cancer patients. To test this possibility, we investigated the relationship between physical comorbidities with depression symptoms in a sample of 2073 adult cancer survivors drawn from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2018) in the U.S. Based on information regarding 16 chronic conditions, the number of comorbidities diagnosed before and after the cancer diagnosis was calculated. The number of comorbidities present at the moment of cancer diagnosis was significantly related to depression risk in recent but not in long-term survivors. Recent survivors who suffered multimorbidity had 3.48 (95% CI 1.26–9.55) times the odds of reporting significant depressive symptoms up to 5 years after the cancer diagnosis. The effect of comorbidities was strongest among survivors of breast cancer. The comorbidities with strongest influence on depression risk were stroke, kidney disease, hypertension, obesity, asthma, and arthritis. Information about comorbidities is usually readily available and could be useful in streamlining depression screening or targeting prevention efforts in cancer patients and survivors. A multidimensional model of the interaction between cancer and other physical comorbidities on mental health is proposed.

Down-regulation of miR-219-5p increase the risk of cancer-related mortality in patients with prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-139981
Author(s):  
Shimin Tang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Qiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

IntroductionProstate cancer is a common malignancy in men that is difficult to treat and carries a high risk of death. miR-219-5p is expressed in reduced amounts in many malignancies. However, the prognostic value of miR-219-5p for patients with prostate cancer remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 213 prostate cancer patients from 10 June 2012 to 9 May 2015. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Besides, a prediction model was constructed, and calibration curves evaluated the model’s accuracy.ResultsOf the 213 patients, a total of 72 (33.8%) died and the median survival time was 60.0 months. We found by multifactorial analysis that miR-219-5p deficiency increased the risk of death by nearly fourfold (HR: 3.86, 95% CI): 2.01 to 7.44, p<0.001) and the risk of progression by twofold (HR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.68 to 4.64, p<0.001). To quantify each covariate’s weight on prognosis, we screened variables by cox model to construct a predictive model. The Nomogram showed excellent accuracy in estimating death’s risk, with a corrected C-index of 0.778.ConclusionsmiR-219-5p can be used as a biomarker to predict death risk in prostate cancer patients. The mortality risk prediction model constructed based on miR-219-5p has good consistency and validity in assessing patient prognosis.

TGFBR1 Polymorphism and Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Kamali ◽  
Simin Hemmati ◽  
Forouzan Safari ◽  
Manoochehr Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between transforming growth factor beta receptor type 1 ( TGFBR1) polymorphisms and the risk of cancer; however, the results remain inconclusive and controversial. To determine the association between breast cancer risk and the *6A polymorphism of the TGFBR1 gene, a case-control study of 280 breast cancer patients and 280 controls was performed in Iranian women. Our study demonstrates that women who carry the TGFBR1*6A allele are at lower risk of developing breast cancer. The highest protection against breast cancer was observed in 6A/6A homozygotes (OR = 0.32, p = 0.04). A lower frequency of the TGFBR1*6A allele in breast cancer patients may be an important genetic determinant that contributes to a lower risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. The results also showed that the allelic length of TGFBR1 polymorphisms had no significant association with the age at onset or the grade of disease, nor with the expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors and HER2.

scholarly journals OSblca: A Web Server for Investigating Prognostic Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosen Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Mengsi Yang ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Yifang Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Cancer: A Narrative Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rossel ◽  
Helia Robert-Ebadi ◽  
Christophe Marti
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Regimen ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequent among patients with cancer. Ambulatory cancer patients starting chemotherapy have a 5% to 10% risk of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) within the first year after cancer diagnosis. This risk may vary according to patient characteristics, cancer location, cancer stage, or the type of chemotherapeutic regimen. Landmark studies evaluating thrombophrophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for ambulatory cancer patients have shown a relative reduction in the rate of symptomatic VTE of about one half. However, the absolute risk reduction is modest among unselected patients given a rather low risk of events resulting in a number needed to treat (NNT) of 40 to 50. Moreover, this modest benefit is mitigated by a trend towards an increased risk of bleeding, and the economic and patient burden due to daily injections of LMWH. For these reasons, routine thromboprophylaxis is not recommended by expert societies. Advances in VTE risk stratification among cancer patients, and growing evidence regarding efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the treatment and prevention of CAT have led to reconsider the paradigms of this risk–benefit assessment. This narrative review aims to summarize the recent evidence provided by randomized trials comparing DOACs to placebo in ambulatory cancer patients and its impact on expert recommendations and clinical practice.

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