The chlorosome of Chlorobaculum tepidum: Size, mass and protein composition revealed by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and mass spectrometry-driven proteomics

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 2867-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kouyianou ◽  
Pieter-Jan De Bock ◽  
Shirley A. Müller ◽  
Antigoni Nikolaki ◽  
Apostolos Rizos ◽  
...  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1278-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Ritter ◽  
Berit Knudsen ◽  
Valerij Durnev

We report the noncovalent linkage of terminally substituted oligo(dimethylsiloxanes) bearing α-cyclodextrins (α-CD) as host end groups for the cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene. This double complexation of unsubstituted ferrocene leads to a supramolecuar formation of the siloxane strands. Structural characterization was performed by the use of 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. Electron microscopy studies and dynamic light scattering measurements show a significant decrease of the derivative size after the complexation with ferrocene. In addition, further evidence for the successful complexation of the end groups was verified by the shifts of the protons in the 1H NMR spectra and in the correlation signals of the 2D ROESY NMR spectra.


2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal K. Paul ◽  
Tyler Mercer ◽  
Hussein Al-Mughaid ◽  
D. Gerrard Marangoni ◽  
Michael J. McAlduff ◽  
...  

The surface and self-assembly properties of a family of multiheaded, multitailed surfactants based on a tripentaerythritol backbone are described. Critical aggregation concentrations of these unusual surfactant systems have been determined from surface tension measurements; aggregate sizes in the presence and absence of a small amount of added electrolyte have been obtained via dynamic light scattering, and the morphologies of the aggregates were examined from electron microscopy measurements. In general, when compared to conventional ionic and two-headed surfactants (and other recently synthesized pentaerythritol derived surfactants from this group), these multiheaded surfactants exhibited some unusual trends in their aggregation behaviour and interesting aggregate structures in aqueous solution, as a function of alkyl chain length.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2377-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yun Quan ◽  
Hua Wei ◽  
Yun-Xia Sun ◽  
Si-Xue Cheng ◽  
Kun Shen ◽  
...  

A series of biocompatible and stimuli-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-propyl acrylic acid) (P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc)) nanogels were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. In addition, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was further grafted to modify the PNIPAAm-based nanogels. The P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc)-g-PEI nanogels exhibited good thermosensitivity as well as pH sensitivity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc)-g-PEI and P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc) nanogels displayed well dispersed spherical morphology. The mean sizes of the nanogels measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were from 100 nm to 500 nm at different temperatures. The cytotoxicity study indicated P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc) nanogels exhibited a better biocompatibility than both PNIPAAm nanogel and P(NIPAAm-co-PAAc)-g-PEI nanogel although all the three kinds of nanogels did not exhibit apparent cytotoxicity. The drug-loaded nanogels, especially the PEI-grafted nanogels, showed temperature-trigged controlled release behaviors, indicating the potential applications as an intelligent drug delivery system.


Author(s):  
Tassew Belete Bahru ◽  
Eyasu Gebrie Ajebe

The combination of nanotechnology with molecular biology, information technology and instrumentation, is opening the door to a new industrial age. The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge of nanotechnology in synthesizing, identifying and characterization of nanomaterials using analytical techniques. Physical and chemical approach synthesis of nanomaterials befalls challenges in the development of analytical techniques used to characterize them. The major techniques include: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Single Phase Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy, X ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, X ray Absorption Fine Structure, Capillary Electrophoretic Separations, Magnetic nano particles coupled HPLC and Dynamic light scattering. Nanomaterials have been characterized for the extensive potential applications in optics, electronics, magnetics, and catalysts; chemical sensing, biomedicine, micro reactor, and they have been applied in food, biological, environmental and pharmaceuticals uses. In spite of the extended use of nano particles in diverse consumer products, there is a great concern over the unexpected impact or effects on humans due to exposure.


2018 ◽  
pp. 5-11

Estudio comparativo de la síntesis de nanopartículas de magnetita monodispersas J.J. Atoche Medrano, J. A. Huamani Coaquira Universidad de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília - CEP 70910-900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0001/ Resumen Actualmente el tipo de nanopartículas magnéticas más estudiados son los de estructura cúbica, espinela inversa, porque estos materiales presentan características de gran interés y sus posibles aplicaciones ya que facilitan la construcción de sistemas más complejos. Debemos considerar que debido a la presencia de metales de transición en la superficie de las nanopartículas es que se dan las condiciones para poder funcionalizarlas con otras moléculas a través de grupos funcionales complejos obteniendo materiales con características polares o apolares, dependiendo del tipo de aplicación que se desee utilizar. Teniendo en consideración que cuando se trabaja con sistemas biológicos las nanopartículas son detectadas por el sistema retículo endotelial (SRE), que a través de los macrófagos son los encargados de eliminar algún cuerpo extraño inerte que pudiera estar en el organismo. De esta manera, existe una necesidad de funcionalizar las nanopartículas obtenidas antes de ser administradas en el organismo para evitar ser reconocidas por el SRE. Esta funcionalización es responsable por evitar la aglomeración de las mismas permitiendo que ellas permanezcan en suspensión estable (coloides magnéticos) que pueden ser conducidos a través de campos magnéticos externos. En este trabajo, nosotros mostramos detalladamente los resultados obtenido en la mejora de la ruta de síntesis de un sistema de nano partículas en forma de ferrofluido de magnetita (Fe3O4) utilizando el método de descomposición térmica y comparamos nuestros resultados respecto a otra ruta de síntesis para sistema nano particulados llamado método de co-precipitación química. Para poder medir el tamaño, así como conocer las propiedades morfológicas y estructurales de las nanopartículas se procedió a la caracterización de nanopartículas obtenidas por los métodos de descomposición térmica y co-precipitación química a través de microscopia electrónica de transmisión (MET). Se encontró una distribución de tamaños con un promedio de 8 nm y polidispersión de 0.14. Estos resultados fueron corroborados por los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de patrones de difracción de rayos X. La estabilidad del ferrofluido obtenido fue medida usando la técnica conocida como DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), donde fue encontrado un valor de 42.8 mV, que está dentro del valor esperado para un sistema estable, considerando que para un sistema nanopartículado el valor de Zetasiser arriba de 30 mV representa una estabilidad de la suspensión acuosa. Al final de las medidas de caracterización se realizó la medida del valor del potencial de hidrógeno (pH) mediante un pH-metro, para estudiar la biocompatibilidad que presenta nuestra muestra de ferrofluido ya que nuestro interés es que este ferrofluido pueda ser usado como vehículo para direccionar principios activos o fármacos sobre una región específica en el organismo. Así después de realizada la medición fue encontrado un valor del pH de 7.23 lo que evidencia un sistema biocompatible para posibles aplicaciones biológicas. Descriptores: Descomposición térmica, co-precipitación, ferrofluido, nanopartículas, microscopia electrónica de transmisión. Abstract Currently the most studied type of magnetic nanoparticles are of cubic structure, inverse spinel, because these materials have very interesting features and possible applications since they facilitate building more complex systems. We must consider that due to the presence of transition metal on the surface of nanoparticles is that the conditions for funcionalizarlas with other molecules through complex functional groups obtaining materials with polar or apolar characteristics, depending on the type of implementation that want to use. Considering that when working with biological systems nanoparticles are detected by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). This functionalization is responsible for preventing agglomeration there of allowing them to remain in stable suspension (magnetic colloids) that can be driven by external magnetic fields. In this work, we show in detail the results obtained in improving the synthesis route system in the form of nanoparticles ferrofluid magnetite (Fe3O4) using the method of thermal decomposition and compare our results with respect to another synthesis route to nano particulate system method called chemical coprecipitation. To measure the size as well as knowing the morphological and structural properties of nanoparticles proceeded to the characterization of nanoparticles obtained by the methods of thermal decomposition and chemical co-precipitation through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distribution averaging 8 nm and polydispersity of 0.14 was found. These results were corroborated by the results obtained by analyzing patterns of X-ray diffraction. The stability of the ferrofluid obtained was measured using the technique known as DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), where it was found a value of 42.8 mV, which is within the expected value for a stable system, whereas for a nanoparticle system Zetasiser value above 30 mV represents a stability of the aqueous suspensión. At the end of characterization measures the extent of the value of the potential of hydrogen (pH) was performed using a pH meter, to study our sample having biocompatibility ferrofluid as our interest is that the ferrofluid could be used as vehicle for active ingredients or drugs addressing to a specific region in the body. And after completion of the measurement it was found a pH of 7.23 which shows a biocompatible system to possible biological applications. Keywords: Thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, ferrofluid, nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Ermolin ◽  
Petr S. Fedotov

AbstractThe investigation of environmental nano- and submicron particles is needed for the assessment of their impact on the environment and human health as well as for understanding various natural and anthropogenic processes. Nano- and submicron particles have an increased mobility, may serve as a “carrier” for toxic and nutrient substances, and hence are of particular interest. So far, there is a lack of knowledge about source, behavior, fate, and toxicity of environmental nano- and submicron particles. This article is focused on the separation and characterization methods, which are currently used for their investigation. The application of sedimentation, centrifugation, membrane filtration, and field- and flow-based techniques to the separation of nano- and submicron particles are discussed. The advantages and limitations of the techniques are briefly summarized. Among characterization/analysis methods, a special attention is given to electron microscopy, light scattering as well as atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical emission, and mass spectrometry.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document