Inhibition of photosynthesis and modification of the wheat leaf proteome by Ptr ToxB: A host-specific toxin from the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 2911-2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Min Kim ◽  
Noureddine Bouras ◽  
Nat N. V. Kav ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Leaf Proteome

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis reveals chromosomal variations and genome plasticity

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Moolhuijzen ◽  
Pao Theen See ◽  
James K. Hane ◽  
Gongjun Shi ◽  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Genome Plasticity ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis

Wheat necrosis induced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis toxin

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Thomas Freeman ◽  
Jack Rasmussen ◽  
Leonard Francl ◽  
Steve Meinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Membrane Breakdown ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Fast Flow

Tan spot is a serious foliar disease of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. This fungal pathogen produces a proteinaceous phytotoxin that induces necrosis in susceptible but not resistant cultivars. Larez et al. reported generalized membrane breakdown and cell death in advance of fungal spread, an effect presumably due to excreted fungal products, including the necrosis toxin. The direct ultrastructural effects of necrosis toxin isolated from P. tritici-repentis have not been previously examined.Crude extract from a culture of isolate 86-124 (1) was thawed and centrifuged for 20 min at 35O00g. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm Whatman nylon filter and placed in dialysis tubing with a 3,500 molecular weight cut off. The crude extract was dialyzed overnight against 10 volumes of 20 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.8. The dialyzed extract was loaded onto a fresh 10 ml S-sepharose Fast Flow column (Pharmacia) previously equilibrated with 20 mM sodium acetate.

scholarly journals Distribution and Pathogenic Characterization of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Stagonospora nodorum in Ohio

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Engle ◽  
Laurence V. Madden ◽  
Patrick E. Lipps
Keyword(s):  
Linear Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Log Linear

To determine the distribution of Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis on wheat in Ohio, flag leaves with lesions were collected from wheat-producing counties in 2002 and 2003. Counties were arbitrarily grouped into seven regions. Log-linear analysis of pathogen presence within regions indicated that the presence of S. nodorum was independent of the presence of P. tritici-repentis. A logistic analysis revealed that the occurrence of both pathogens varied by region in one or both years. The aggressiveness of S. nodorum isolates was determined by inoculating two susceptible genotypes with a subsample of isolates from each region from both years. S. nodorum isolates obtained from northeast Ohio, with fewer wheat fields, were less aggressive than those from other regions. Isolates obtained from west-central Ohio, surrounded by regions with high wheat production annually, were significantly more aggressive than those obtained in the remaining five regions. Isolates from the five other regions did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in aggressiveness. Races 1 and 2, and a few race 3 isolates, of P. tritici-repentis were detected in Ohio. The distribution of P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 2 was not associated with any region, although the prevalence of race 1 was three times greater than race 2. The rarer race 3 was associated with three dispersed regions. Results indicate that S. nodorum was the major wheat leaf-blotching pathogen. There were no positive or negative associations of S. nodorum and P. tritici-repentis or individual races of P. tritici-repentis in any of the tested regions, which indicates that neither pathogen can be used to predict the presence of the other. The isolated northeastern corner of Ohio appeared to contain isolates of S. nodorum with unique characteristics and potentially only one race of P. tritici-repentis, indicating that this area may be genetically isolated from the remaining tested areas of the state.

scholarly journals An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Jacques ◽  
Leon Lenzo ◽  
Kofi Stevens ◽  
Julie Lawrence ◽  
Kar-Chun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Advance Research

Abstract Background The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan (syn. yellow) spot of wheat and accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this economically important crop disease is crucial to counteract the yield and quality losses of wheat globally. Substantial progress has been made to comprehend the race structure of this phytopathogen based on its production of necrotrophic effectors and genomic resources of Ptr. However, one limitation for studying Ptr in a laboratory environment is the difficulty to isolate high spore numbers from vegetative growth with mycelial contamination common. These limitations reduce the experimental tractability of Ptr. Results Here, we optimized a multitude of parameters and report a sporulation method for Ptr that yields robust, high quality and pure spores. Our methodology encompasses simple and reproducible plugging and harvesting techniques, resulting in spore yields up to 1500 fold more than the current sporulation methods and was tested on multiple isolates and races of Ptr as well as an additional seven modern Australian Ptr isolates. Moreover, this method also increased purity and spore harvest numbers for two closely related fungal pathogens (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and f. teres) that cause net blotch diseases in barley (Hordeum vulgare), highlighting the usability of this optimized sporulation protocol for the wider research community. Conclusions Large-scale spore infection and virulence assays are essential for the screening of wheat and barley cultivars and combined with the genetic mapping of these populations allows pinpointing and exploiting sources of host genetic resistance. We anticipate that improvements in spore numbers and purity will further advance research to increase our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of these important fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals An Optimized Sporulation Method for the Wheat Fungal Pathogen Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Jacques ◽  
Leon Lenzo ◽  
Kofi Stevens ◽  
Julie Lawrence ◽  
Kar-Chun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Host Genetic

Abstract BackgroundThe necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan (syn. yellow) spot of wheat and accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this economically important crop disease is crucial to counteract the yield and quality losses of wheat globally. Substantial progress has been made to comprehend the race structure of this phytopathogen based on its production of necrotrophic effectors and genomic resources of Ptr. However, one limitation for studying Ptr in a laboratory environment is the difficulty to isolate high spore numbers from vegetative growth with mycelial contamination common. These limitations reduce the experimental tractability of Ptr. ResultsHere, we optimized a multitude of parameters and report a sporulation method for Ptr that yields robust, high quality and pure spores. Our methodology encompasses simple and reproducible plugging and harvesting techniques, resulting in spore yields up to 1,500 fold more than the current sporulation methods and was tested on multiple isolates and races of Ptr as well as an additional seven modern Australian Ptr isolates. Moreover, this method also increased purity and spore harvest numbers for two closely related fungal pathogens (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and f. teres) that cause net blotch diseases in barley (Hordeum vulgare), highlighting the usability of this optimized sporulation protocol for the wider research community. ConclusionsLarge-scale spore infection and virulence assays are essential for the screening of wheat and barley cultivars and combined with the genetic mapping of these populations allows pinpointing and exploiting sources of host genetic resistance. We anticipate that improvements in spore numbers and purity will further advance research to increase our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of these important fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals The first genome assembly of fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1 isolate using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Moolhuijzen ◽  
Pao Theen See ◽  
Caroline S. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Short Read ◽  
Short Reads ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read

Abstract Objectives The assembly of fungal genomes using short-reads is challenged by long repetitive and low GC regions. However, long-read sequencing technologies, such as PacBio and Oxford Nanopore, are able to overcome many problematic regions, thereby providing an opportunity to improve fragmented genome assemblies derived from short reads only. Here, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) isolate 134 (Ptr134), which causes tan spot disease on wheat, was sequenced on a MinION using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), to improve on a previous Illumina short-read genome assembly and provide a more complete genome resource for pan-genomic analyses of Ptr. Results The genome of Ptr134 sequenced on a MinION using ONT was assembled into 28 contiguous sequences with a total length of 40.79 Mb and GC content of 50.81%. The long-read assembly provided 6.79 Mb of new sequence and 2846 extra annotated protein coding genes as compared to the previous short-read assembly. This improved genome sequence represents near complete chromosomes, an important resource for large scale and pan genomic comparative analyses.

scholarly journals Races of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šárová ◽  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
P. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Different Parts

<i>Pyrenophora tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, causal agent of tan spot, is one of the most important wheat leaf spot pathogens worldwide. The race structure of <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> isolates obtained from wheat (except one from noncereal grass species) in the Czech Republic was studied. The 86 monosporic isolates of <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> originated from different parts of the Czech Republic were grouped into five known races based on necrosis/chlorosis induction on standard differentials (Katepwa, Glenlea, 6B365, Salamouni). The isolates recovered from wheat were races 1, 2 and 4. Race 1 was the most frequent (50%), races 2 and 4 were found rarely (3% and 5% respectively). The isolate of <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> recovered from noncereal grass species was determined as race 4 which seems to be typical for noncereal hosts. The reaction of 30 isolates (42%) was difficult to be compared to reactions of so far identified <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> races. They have to be tested again on additional wheat genotypes.

Wheat leaf resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis induced by silicon activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Dorneles ◽  
P. C. Pazdiora ◽  
J. F. Hoffmann ◽  
F. C. Chaves ◽  
L. G. Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Wheat Leaf
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document