Set shifting and reversal learning in borderline personality disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Barker ◽  
Merrick Pope ◽  
Sharon Smith ◽  
Verity Brown ◽  
Jeremy Hall
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Set Shifting

scholarly journals Similar or Different Neuropsychological Profiles? Only Set Shifting Differentiates Women With Bipolar vs. Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Michopoulos ◽  
Kalliopi Tournikioti ◽  
Antonios Paraschakis ◽  
Anna Karavia ◽  
Rossetos Gournellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Patient Groups

There is ongoing debate about the similarities and differences between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Very few studies have concurrently assessed their neuropsychological profile and only on a narrow array of neuropsychological tests. We aimed to investigate the differences of these two patient groups on visual memory, executive function, and response inhibition. Twenty-nine BD patients, 27 BPD patients and 22 controls (all female) were directly compared on paired associates learning (PAL), set shifting (ID/ED), problem solving (SOC), and response inhibition (SSRT) using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Rank-normalized outcomes were contrasted in one-way ANOVA tests. Discriminant analysis was finally performed to predict BD or BPD patient status. BD patients performed significantly worse than controls on all tasks. BPD patients performed significantly worse than HC on all tests except SST. Significant differences between the two patient groups were recorded only on ID/ED, where BPD patients performed worse (p = 0.044). A forward stepwise discriminant analysis model based on ID/ED and SOC predicted correctly patients' group at 67.9% of cases. In conclusion, BD and BPD female patients appear to be more similar than different as regards their neuropsychological functions. This study is the first to show that BPD patients display more deficits than BD patients when directly compared on the set shifting executive function test, a marker of cognitive flexibility. Discerning BD from BPD patients through neuropsychological performance is promising but would improve by using additional subtler tests and psychometric evaluation.

Associative learning profiles in Borderline Personality Disorder: Acquisition, Kamin blocking, and metacognitive performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kathryn Fineberg ◽  
Jason C. Hu ◽  
Kaylee Null ◽  
Eli S. Neustadter ◽  
Madison Sakheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Previous Learning

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with deficits in neuropsychological measures such as memory, cognitive flexibility, and learning. Mixed findings suggest that deficits may be specific to particular aspects of learning. This is the first study to examine Kamin blocking in a BPD sample. A sample of 51 female subjects (N = 24 control, N = 27 BPD) were recruited. Participants completed a learning task in three phases: a first acquisition phase to learn cue-outcome associations, a second pairing phase to set up blocked cues, and a third testing phase to measure the extent of blocking and to test reversal learning. Participants indicated choice and certainty at each trial, and received feedback immediately after each trial. In phase one, mean correctness but not learning rate was less in BPD than control. Participants with BPD were also less certain about their responses, which correlated positively with correctness – this correlation was not found for control subjects. Kamin blocking, maintenance of previous learning, and reversal learning did not differ between groups. These results cohere with the idea that learning deficits in BPD are in specific domains, including the novel finding that Kamin blocking is preserved in BPD. The significant correlation between certainty and correctness in BPD may hint at mechanisms underlying the maintenance of low mood.

Neuropsychological Differences Between Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S208-S208
Author(s):  
I. Michopoulos ◽  
K. Tournikioti ◽  
R. Gournellis ◽  
P. Ferentinos ◽  
K. Vassilopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is a continuing debate about the differences and similarities between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD).ObjectivesOnly few studies have focused on the neuropsychological profile of these two disorders.AimsWe studied the differences on memory, executive function and inhibitory control between BD and BPD patients.MethodsTwenty-nine patients with BD in euthymia, 27 patients with BPD and 22 healthy controls matched for age and education were included in the study. All of them were female. BD patients who could also be diagnosed with BPD were excluded from the study. Participants were administered a series of tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), accessing memory, executive function and inhibitory control.ResultsBD and BPD patients performed worse than controls in general. Significant differences were found in the PAL test; BD patients had 46.71, BPD patients had 36.56 and controls had 15.77 errors (P = 0.004). BPD patients performed worse in the IE/ED set-shifting test; they made 48.16 errors while BD patients made 23.64 and controls 16.14 (P = 0.001). BPD patients performed better in the problem-solving task (SOC), they solved 10.0, BD patients 6.32 and controls 8.32 problems (P < 0.001).BD and BPD patients had similar performance in the SST inhibition task but worse than controls (P = 0.03).ConclusionsBD and BPD seem to have differences in neuropsychological performance. BD patients show more deficits in memory learning and problem solving while BPD patients show more deficits in set shifting.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Emotion-Oriented Coping Style Predicts Self-Harm in Response to Acute Psychiatric Hospitalization

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Frei ◽  
Vladimir Sazhin ◽  
Melissa Fick ◽  
Keong Yap
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract. Psychiatric hospitalization can cause significant distress for patients. Research has shown that to cope with the stress, patients sometimes resort to self-harm. Given the paucity of research on self-harm among psychiatric inpatients, a better understanding of transdiagnostic processes as predictors of self-harm during psychiatric hospitalization is needed. The current study examined whether coping styles predicted self-harm after controlling for commonly associated factors, such as age, gender, and borderline personality disorder. Participants were 72 patients (mean age = 39.32 years, SD = 12.29, 64% male) admitted for inpatient treatment at a public psychiatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants completed self-report measures of coping styles and ward-specific coping behaviors, including self-harm, in relation to coping with the stress of acute hospitalization. Results showed that younger age, diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, and higher emotion-oriented coping were associated with self-harm. After controlling for age and borderline personality disorder, higher levels of emotion-oriented coping were found to be a significant predictor of self-harm. Findings were partially consistent with hypotheses; emotion-oriented but not avoidance-oriented coping significantly predicted self-harm. This finding may help to identify and provide psychiatric inpatients who are at risk of self-harm with appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

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