scholarly journals Crop modeling defines opportunities and challenges for drought escape, water capture, and yield increase using chilling‐tolerant sorghum

Plant Direct ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubí Raymundo ◽  
Sarah Sexton‐Bowser ◽  
Ignacio A. Ciampitti ◽  
Geoffrey P. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Yield Increase

scholarly journals Crop modeling defines opportunities and challenges for drought escape, water capture, and yield increase using chilling-tolerant sorghum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubí Raymundo ◽  
Ignacio A. Ciampitti ◽  
Geoffrey Morris
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Crop Growth Modeling ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

ABSTRACTMany crop species, particularly those of tropical origin, are chilling sensitive so improved chilling tolerance can enhance production of these crops in temperate regions. For the cereal crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) early planting and chilling tolerance have been investigated for >50 years, but the potential value or tradeoffs of this genotype × management change has not been formally evaluated with modeling. To assess the potential of early-planted chilling-tolerant grain sorghum in the central US sorghum belt, we conducted CERES-Sorghum simulations and characterized scenarios under which this change would be expected to enhance (or diminish) drought escape, water capture, or yield. We conducted crop growth modeling for a full- and short-season hybrids under rainfed systems that were simulated to be planted in early (mid-April), normal (mid-May), and late (mid-June) planting dates from 1986 to 2015 in four locations in Kansas representative of the central US sorghum belt. Simulations indicated that early planting will generally lead to lower initial soil moisture, longer growing periods, and higher evapotranspiration. Early planting is expected to extend the growing period by 20% for short- or full-season hybrids, reduce evaporation during fallow periods, and increase plant transpiration in the two-thirds of years with the highest precipitation (mean > 428 mm), leading to 11% and 7% increase grain yield for short- and full-season hybrids, respectively. Thus, in this major sorghum growing region early planting could reduce risks of terminal droughts, extend seasons, and increase rotation options, suggesting that further development of chilling tolerant hybrids is warranted.

scholarly journals Modeling Yields Response to Shading in the Field-to-Forest Transition Zones in Heterogeneous Landscapes

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Claas Nendel ◽  
Roger Funk ◽  
Matthew G. E. Mitchell ◽  
Gunnar Lischeid
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Forested Areas

In crop modeling and yield predictions, the heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes is usually not accounted for. This heterogeneity often arises from landscape elements like forests, hedges, or single trees and shrubs that cast shadows. Shading from forested areas or shrubs has effects on transpiration, temperature, and soil moisture, all of which affect the crop yield in the adjacent arable land. Transitional gradients of solar irradiance can be described as a function of the distance to the zero line (edge), the cardinal direction, and the height of trees. The magnitude of yield reduction in transition zones is highly influenced by solar irradiance—a factor that is not yet implemented in crop growth models on a landscape level. We present a spatially explicit model for shading caused by forested areas, in agricultural landscapes. With increasing distance to forest, solar irradiance and yield increase. Our model predicts that the shading effect from the forested areas occurs up to 15 m from the forest edge, for the simulated wheat yields, and up to 30 m, for simulated maize. Moreover, we estimated the spatial extent of transition zones, to calculate the regional yield reduction caused by shading of the forest edges, which amounted to 5% to 8% in an exemplary region.

Kamelot in soybean crops of the Amur Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Krylova T.S. ◽  
◽  
L.A. Dorozhkina L.A. ◽  
A.N. Dubrovin A.N.
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Yield Increase

The data for 2018-2019 on tests of the Kamelot herbicide for the protection of soybeans in the Amur Region are presented. The herbicide was applied before soybean germination at a rate of 4 l / ha. The biological efficiency of Camelot was 87-93%, which corresponded to the value of the standard (Frontier Optima). High efficiency of the herbicide was found out against common commeline, white mari, backyard buckwheat and chicken millet. The yield increase was equal to 6.1 c/ha.

Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of Paddy through Front Line Demonstrations in Irrigated Agro Ecosystem of Kaymore Platue and Satpura Hills

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
A.K. PATEL ◽  
S.K. SINGH ◽  
M.S. BAGHEL
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
Improved Technology

Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstration in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 introducing new, high yielding and scented variety “Pusa Sugandha-3” and applying scientific practices in their cultivation. The FLDs were carried out in village “Dainiha” of Sidhi district in supervision of KVK scientist. The productivity and economic returns of paddy in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Improved practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 30.83 q/ha and 32.65 q/ha in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively than 22.13 and 24.21 q/ha. The average yield increase was observed 37.15 per cent. In spite of increase in yield of paddy, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return (37020 and 39180 Rs./ha), net return (16820 and 18920 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.83 and 1.93) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was found due to the poor management practices, lack of knowledge and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of paddy adoption.

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals Global Analysis of Atmospheric Transmissivity Using Cloud Cover, Aridity and Flux Network Datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Ankur Srivastava ◽  
Jose F. Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia M. Saco ◽  
Nikul Kumari ◽  
Omer Yetemen
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Transmissivity

Atmospheric transmissivity (τ) is a critical factor in climatology, which affects surface energy balance, measured at a limited number of meteorological stations worldwide. With the limited availability of meteorological datasets in remote areas across different climatic regions, estimation of τ is becoming a challenging task for adequate hydrological, climatic, and crop modeling studies. The availability of solar radiation data is comparatively less accessible on a global scale than the temperature and precipitation datasets, which makes it necessary to develop methods to estimate τ. Most of the previous studies provided region specific datasets of τ, which usually provide local assessments. Hence, there is a necessity to give the empirical models for τ estimation on a global scale that can be easily assessed. This study presents the analysis of the τ relationship with varying geographic features and climatic factors like latitude, aridity index, cloud cover, precipitation, temperature, diurnal temperature range, and elevation. In addition to these factors, the applicability of these relationships was evaluated for different climate types. Thus, empirical models have been proposed for each climate type to estimate τ by using the most effective factors such as cloud cover and aridity index. The cloud cover is an important yet often overlooked factor that can be used to determine the global atmospheric transmissivity. The empirical relationship and statistical indicator provided the best performance in equatorial climates as the coefficient of determination (r2) was 0.88 relatively higher than the warm temperate (r2 = 0.74) and arid regions (r2 = 0.46). According to the results, it is believed that the analysis presented in this work is applicable for estimating the τ in different ecosystems across the globe.

Response of field peas to phosphate fertilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
N. A. Flore ◽  
J. T. Harapiak
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Design ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Impact

Canadian Prairie Provinces in general, and Saskatchewan in particular are major producers of peas worldwide. Individual provincial criteria for P application are considerably different from each other. Further introduction of new pea varieties and the adoption of direct seeding practices prompted us to re-evaluate these criteria. To this end, two experiments with field peas (Pisum sativum L. var. Carneval) were carried out between 1994 and 1998 at nine different locations in Alberta. The first experiment was carried out in 1994 and consisted of three trials with six rates of P (0, 4.4, 8.7, 13, 17.5 and 21.8 kg P ha-1) in the form of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (12-51-0). To eliminate the impact of varying N rates along with P, a series of 21 trials and a uniform design that included five rates of P (0, 6.5, 13, 19.5 and 26 kg ha-1) in the form of triple super phosphate (0-45-0) and two methods of placement (seed placement or side banding) were subsequently carried out. There was a significant response to P application at all 13 sites of both experiments that contained 10 or less mg of a Modified Kelowna (MK) extractable-P kg-1 of soil. Side banding resulted in significantly higher yield in only three trials. Maximum average yield increase of 645 kg seed ha-1 was obtained with application of 19.5 kg P ha-1; it was influenced by soil texture as the magnitude of response was greater on loamy (535 kg seed ha-1) than on clay loam soils (285 kg seed ha-1). There was no significant yield increase in the trials that contained greater than 10 mg MK-P kg-1 soil. Reduction in plant population was more frequent as a result of seed placement (nine cases with P < 0.1) than side banding in both experiments. The impact of P fertilization on seed moisture was not consistent. The ability to side band or to seed with an increased seed bed utilization may fulfil the need for application of greater rates of P than the ones currently recommended for prairie soils. Key words: Seed placement, side banding, triple super phosphate, monoammonium phosphate

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

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