scholarly journals Internationale Arbeitstagung „Realitätstreues Modellieren”︁ (model realism)

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Horst Wedde
Keyword(s):  
Model Realism

Cross-layer Approach to Assess FMEA on Critical Systems and Evaluate High-Level Model Realism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Roux ◽  
Katell Morin-Allory ◽  
Vincent Beroulle ◽  
Regis Leveugle ◽  
Lilian Bossuet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Layer ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
High Level

Anisotropic Multishell Analytical Modeling of an Intervertebral Disk Subjected to Axial Compression

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Demers ◽  
Sylvie Nadeau ◽  
Abdel-Hakim Bouzid
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Anulus Fibrosus ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Methods Analytical

Studies on intervertebral disk (IVD) response to various loads and postures are essential to understand disk's mechanical functions and to suggest preventive and corrective actions in the workplace. The experimental and finite-element (FE) approaches are well-suited for these studies, but validating their findings is difficult, partly due to the lack of alternative methods. Analytical modeling could allow methodological triangulation and help validation of FE models. This paper presents an analytical method based on thin-shell, beam-on-elastic-foundation and composite materials theories to evaluate the stresses in the anulus fibrosus (AF) of an axisymmetric disk composed of multiple thin lamellae. Large deformations of the soft tissues are accounted for using an iterative method and the anisotropic material properties are derived from a published biaxial experiment. The results are compared to those obtained by FE modeling. The results demonstrate the capability of the analytical model to evaluate the stresses at any location of the simplified AF. It also demonstrates that anisotropy reduces stresses in the lamellae. This novel model is a preliminary step in developing valuable analytical models of IVDs, and represents a distinctive groundwork that is able to sustain future refinements. This paper suggests important features that may be included to improve model realism.

Simulation of Dural Repair in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery With the Use of a Perfusion-Based Cadaveric Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A Buchanan ◽  
Elliot Min ◽  
Martin H Pham ◽  
Daniel A Donoho ◽  
Joshua Bakhsheshian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Dural Repair ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Spine Surgeon ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cadaveric Model

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE In an era of curtailed work hours and concerns over achieving technical proficiency in the repertoire of procedures necessary for independent practice, many residencies have turned to model simulation as an educational adjunct. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair after inadvertent durotomy in spine surgery is a fundamental skillset for any spine surgeon. While primary closure with suture is not always necessary for small durotomies, larger defects, on the other hand, must be repaired. However, the dire consequences of inadequate repair dictate that it is generally performed by the most experienced surgeon. Few intraoperative opportunities, therefore, exist for CSF leak repair by trainees. OBJECTIVE To simulate dural repair in spine surgery using minimal-access techniques. METHODS A cohort of 8 neurosurgery residents was evaluated on their durotomy repair efforts in a perfusion-based cadaveric model. RESULTS Study participants demonstrated consistent improvement across trials, with a significant reduction in closure times between their initial (12 min, 7 sec ± 4 min, 43 sec) and final attempts (7 min, 4 sec ± 2 min, 6 sec; P = .02). Moreover, all trainees—irrespective of postgraduate year—were able to accomplish robust dural closures resistant to simulated Valsalva maneuvers. Participants reported high degrees of model realism and exhibited significant increases in postprocedure confidence scores. CONCLUSION Our results support use of perfusion-based simulation models as a complement to neurosurgery training, as it affords unrestricted opportunities for honing psychomotor skillsets when resident learning is increasingly being challenged by work-hour limitations and stricter oversight in the context of value-based healthcare.

On model realism

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Model Realism

Intersections between hydrological research and hydrological practice – a Natural Catastrophe modeller perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Natural Catastrophe ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
The One ◽  
Cat Model ◽  
Catastrophe Models

<p>This presentation is going to address some of the main commonalities between hydrological research and hydrological practice, from the perspective of the Natural Catastrophe (Nat Cat) model developer. For example, hydrological research on the one hand, has a strong focus on the advancement of understanding hydrological processes. The hazard component of Nat Cat flood models, on the other hand, tends to be focused more on model suitability, accuracy and precision. However, it does rely heavily on a thorough understanding of the main hydro-meteorological drivers to describe catchment processes across the relevant spatial and temporal scales, and these are incorporated to achieve model realism and robustness, in particular when extrapolating outside the range of observed regimes. The latter is of importance when modelling extremes, which by definition are scarce.</p><p>The presentation will also go into detail on the feedbacks between hydrological research and hydrological practice. For example, how the latest generation of Natural Catastrophe models benefit from the advances in hydrological research, e.g. research on large scale hydroclimatic patterns like ENSO, or climate change research. Incorporating the latest research in hydrological hazard modeling into Catastrophe Models ultimately improves the risk assessment for a set of assets. Also, large-scale flood risk models using coupled model chains that are relatively new in the hydrological research literature, have been part of the standard methodology for the Nat Cat models for a couple of decades, and might be seen as an indicator for the societal demand to perform novel research in these fields.</p>

scholarly journals Trade-offs between parameter constraints and model realism: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian U. Jehn ◽  
Alejandro Chamorro ◽  
Tobias Houska ◽  
Lutz Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Trade Offs ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Parameter Constraints

Locating changeable message signs for advanced traffic information and management systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Jeffrey Henderson ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Changeable Message Signs ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Message Signs

This paper presents an optimization model for locating changeable message signs (CMSs) on an integrated freeway-arterial network. Compared with existing models, the proposed model represents a well-balanced compromise between computational efficiency required to solve problems of realistic size, and model realism to ensure the quality of solutions. The model has three unique features: (1) it recognizes that locating CMSs is a planning problem that must take into account both current and future needs and benefits, (2) it evaluates benefits of CMSs over multiple time periods with different traffic distributions, and (3) it explicitly considers inherent variations in incident characteristics across links and over time. A sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the potential impacts on optimal CMSs locations resulting from uncertainties in various input parameters, such as traffic demand, incident attributes, and driver behaviour. Lastly, the proposed model is applied to the Highway 401 express-collector freeway system in Toronto for relocating the existing CMSs.Key words: changeable message signs (CMSs), location optimization, traffic assignment, queuing theory.

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