Characterization of Risk Factors for Genitourinary Infections with Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002-1011
Author(s):  
Trisha Benjamin ◽  
Christine Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Genitourinary Infections

Post-Operative Dysphagia in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110155
Author(s):  
Leonard Haller ◽  
Khush Mehul Kharidia ◽  
Caitlin Bertelsen ◽  
Jeffrey Wang ◽  
Karla O’Dell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Objective: We sought to identify risk factors associated with long-term dysphagia, characterize changes in dysphagia over time, and evaluate the incidence of otolaryngology referrals for patients with long-term dysphagia following anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF). Methods: About 56 patients who underwent ACDF between May 2017 to February 2019 were included in the study. All patients were assessed for dysphagia using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) survey preoperatively and late postoperatively (≥1 year). Additionally, 28 patients were assessed for dysphagia early postoperatively (2 weeks—3 months). Demographic data, medical comorbidities, intraoperative details, and post-operative otolaryngology referral rates were collected from electronic medical records. Results: Of the 56 patients enrolled, 21 patients (38%) had EAT-10 scores of 3 or more at long-term follow-up. None of the demographics, comorbidities, or surgical factors assessed were associated with long-term dysphagia. Patients who reported no long-term dysphagia had a mean EAT-10 score of 6.9 early postoperatively, while patients with long-term symptoms had a mean score of 18.1 ( P = .006). Of the 21 patients who reported persistent dysphagia symptoms, 3 (14%) received dysphagia testing or otolaryngology referrals post-operatively. Conclusion: Dysphagia is a notable side effect of ACDF surgery, but there are no significant demographics, comorbidities, or surgical risk factors that predict long-term dysphagia. Early postoperative characterization of dysphagia using the EAT-10 questionnaire can help predict long-term symptoms. There is inadequate screening and otolaryngology follow-up for patients with post-ACDF dysphagia.

Ground Adaptability Characterization for Digging in Complex Geotechnical Conditions and Risk Mitigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1431-1434
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Yu ◽  
Xuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Control

Characterization of geotechnical digging and control the dynamical settlement is very necessary to mitigate construction risk. The metro tunnels of being constructed access to each other or near to the ground is high risk and physically difficult and costly. The control method becomes imperative. Some cases of digging prediction of ground movements and assessment of risk of damage to above or adjacent constructions have become an important issue especially in urban projec. Ground adaptability characterization is the key of control the tunneling in complex geotechnical conditions both in rock and soft stratum. High and changed water-soil pressure also is risk factors to effect tunneling process. Beside discussion of risk mitigation associate to tunnel construction, the developing settlement control and simulations are given to describe the methods of control risk.

Cardiovascular Protection With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1455
Author(s):  
Pantelis Sarafidis ◽  
Christodoulos E. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Kamperidis ◽  
George Giannakoulas ◽  
Michael Doumas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked. They share major risk factors, including age, hypertension, and diabetes, and common pathogenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, reduced renal function and kidney injury documented with albuminuria are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. In major renal outcome trials and subsequent meta-analyses in patients with CKD, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) were shown to effectively retard CKD progression but not to significantly reduce cardiovascular events or mortality. Thus, a high residual risk for cardiovascular disease progression under standard-of-care treatment is still present for patients with CKD. In contrast to the above, several outcome trials with SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors and MRAs (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) clearly suggest that these agents, apart from nephroprotection, offer important cardioprotection in this population. This article discusses existing evidence on the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and MRAs on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD that open new roads in cardiovascular protection of this heavily burdened population.

Characterization of initial clinical symptoms and risk factors for sinonasal adenocarcinomas: results of a case–control study

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Ingrid Mayr ◽  
Kamber Hafizovic ◽  
Frank Waldfahrer ◽  
Heinrich Iro ◽  
Birgitta Kütting
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Characterization of Risk Factors for DNA Damage Among Paddy Farm Worker Exposed to Mixtures of Organophosphates

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien How ◽  
Zailina Hashim ◽  
Patimah Ismail ◽  
Dzolkhifli Omar ◽  
Salmiah Md Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Farm Worker

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Guangdong, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Dan ◽  
Kexin Zhu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background There are only limited number of reports on molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in China. This study was conducted to assess the infection rates, genetic identity, and public health potential of these parasites in dogs and cats in Guangdong, China. Methods PCR and sequence analyses were used to identify and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in fecal samples from 641 dogs and 418 cats in Guangdong. Chi-square test and odds ratio analysis were used to compare the occurrence rates of these pathogens and identify risk factors for infection. Results The overall infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were 6.9% (44/641) and 9.4% (60/641) in dogs, and 6.2% (26/418) and 3.6% (15/418) in cats. Purebred cats (12.4%; χ2 = 5.110, OR = 2.8, P = 0.024) and dogs (10.8%; χ2 = 5.597, OR = 4.8, P = 0.018) were more likely to be infected by Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis, respectively. Dogs (12.0%; χ2 = 7.589, OR = 2.6, P = 0.006) and cats (13.6%; χ2 = 8.235, OR = 3.5, P = 0.004) under 6 months had significantly higher infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. than older animals. Household (13.9%; χ2 = 10.279, OR = 2.6, P = 0.008) and pet shop dogs (11.0%; χ2 = 7.182, OR = 2.0, P = 0.048) had higher occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., as was the case for G. duodenalis occurrence in experimental dogs (13.4%; χ2 = 9.223, OR = 1.9, P = 0.017). Cryptosporidium canis (n = 42), C. muris (n = 1) and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1) were identified in dogs, while C. felis (n = 21), C. parvum (n = 3), C. muris (n = 1) and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1) were identified in cats. In contrast, the canine-specific assemblages C (n = 27) and D (n = 26) and the feline-specific assemblage F (n = 14) were almost exclusively the only genotypes of G. duodenalis in dogs and cats, respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis between diarrheal and non-diarrheal pets. Conclusions While domestic pets in Guangdong are infected with zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, they are mainly infected with host-specific G. duodenalis genotypes. Risk factors for infections differ between Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis and between dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Helmy K. Elnafarawy ◽  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Abdelhamed Abdelhady ◽  
Amira M. Rizk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular fungal infection in equine seems very challenging for owners and clinicians. The present study aimed to identify and characterize fungal species isolated from the eyes of clinically healthy and diseased equines (N = 100) from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological and molecular characterization of the major fungal species. In addition, correlations between the occurrence of isolated fungi and some of the potential risk factors were also investigated. Interestingly, the prevalence rate of ocular mycosis in all examined equines in the study was 28% and there were major clinical signs associated with ocular fungal infection. Moreover, the identified fungal species included Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., and Alternari spp. with a corresponding prevalence rate of 63.9%, 27.8%, 15.3%, 18.1%, 13.9%, and 4.2%, respectively, in healthy equine eyes, while their prevalence in diseased equine eyes was 57.1%, 32.1%, 21.4%, 7.1%, 3.6%, and 0%. Furthermore, a statistical significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the frequency of isolation of A. fumigatus and Penicillium and several risk factors (breed, sex, and ground type), while the remaining risk factors and occurrence of fungi were not statistically correlated. A subset of the Aspergillus species samples positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were sequenced and their phylogenetic analysis identified three species of Aspergillus. Taken together, our study provides novel data related to the occurrence of ocular mycosis in equine in Egypt. Given the zoonotic potential of some identified fungi, our data may be helpful for implementation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for combating this sight-threatening infection in equine.

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