Between the lines: Intricacies of major donor communication

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Major Donor

P-9: Study of the Origin of Major Donor States in Oxide Semiconductor

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Oota ◽  
Noritaka Ishihara ◽  
Motoki Nakashima ◽  
Yoichi Kurosawa ◽  
Takuya Hirohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Donor States ◽  
Major Donor

scholarly journals Międzynarodowa pomoc humanitarna i rozwojowa jako instrumenty niemieckiej polityki zagranicznej

2011 ◽  
pp. 128-145
Author(s):  
Joanna Szymoniczek
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Major Donor

As far as both humanitarian and development aid are concerned, Germany is a major donor. Involvement in such activity is aimed most of all at building up Germany’s strong position in the international arena, creating a positive image of Germany’s presence abroad, gaining in influence on the formation of a specific world view and of attitudes in the social, political and moral spheres in the recipient countries, and obtaining tangible financial, political and economic benefits. Support from Germany flows to victims of disasters and catastrophes, forgotten armed conflicts and alarming humanitarian problems. To any appeals for assistance, Germany reacts extremely fast. This is possible because of a very efficient system established in the country, comprised of public institutions and non-governmental organisation and with its operations in the international arena regulated in a series of documents. What is characteristic of German aid is the speed with which at arrives to the aggrieved, its adequacy and its subordination to political objectives, particularly in cases of providing aid in armed conflict situations. The fact that Germany is involved, most of all, in bilateral aid operations, which makes it possible to make decisions on her own as to whom to provide with assistance and how, and where, and that, moreover, such assistance is not anonymous, as is the case with the multilateral aid provided by international organisation, which is both more efficient and preferred by its recipients, is evidence of such policy.

scholarly journals There should be a World Health Assembly resolution for malaria eradication

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Gaye
Keyword(s):  
Research Capacity ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Major Donor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Consistent Information

Abstract Several efforts are being made now for malaria elimination with a goal for eradication. New tools and strategies are being developed and there is currently renewed political engagement and interest. Several technical groups have produced a guide on elimination for policymakers and indicated different research questions to be addressed. The World Health Assembly resolution and the United Nations General Assembly convened a high-level roundtable “From High Burden to High Impact: Getting back on track to end Malaria”. In Africa, the Head of states pronounced a vision for an Africa free of malaria and launched the slogan “Zero malaria starts with me”. Massive efforts to sustain research capacity in the endemic countries will be critical. It will be important to both increase domestic financing, and advocate to sustain and increase funding from major donor countries. It is unethical to continue to observe deaths of so many children in malaria endemic countries, the most vulnerable populations. Considering malaria eradication as a vision and working with all the opportunities we now have could accelerate the process. Eliminating malaria with a country regional approach and progressing step by step will give us consistent information on our way towards eradication.

scholarly journals Phosphoserine Phosphatase Is Required for Serine and One-Carbon Unit Synthesis in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keugtae Kim ◽  
Yoko Chiba ◽  
Azusa Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Arai ◽  
Masaharu Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phosphoserine Phosphatase ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hydrogenobacter Thermophilus ◽  
Glycine Cleavage ◽  
Major Donor ◽  
Serine Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Hydrogenobacter thermophilus is an obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacterium of the phylum Aquificae and is capable of fixing carbon dioxide through the reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The recent discovery of two novel-type phosphoserine phosphatases (PSPs) in H. thermophilus suggests the presence of a phosphorylated serine biosynthesis pathway; however, the physiological role of these novel-type metal-independent PSPs (iPSPs) in H. thermophilus has not been confirmed. In the present study, a mutant strain with a deletion of pspA, the catalytic subunit of iPSPs, was constructed and characterized. The generated mutant was a serine auxotroph, suggesting that the novel-type PSPs and phosphorylated serine synthesis pathway are essential for serine anabolism in H. thermophilus. As an autotrophic medium supplemented with glycine did not support the growth of the mutant, the reversible enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase does not appear to synthesize serine from glycine and may therefore generate glycine and 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF) from serine. This speculation is supported by the lack of glycine cleavage activity, which is needed to generate 5,10-CH2-THF, in H. thermophilus. Determining the mechanism of 5,10-CH2-THF synthesis is important for understanding the fundamental anabolic pathways of organisms, because 5,10-CH2-THF is a major one-carbon donor that is used for the synthesis of various essential compounds, including nucleic and amino acids. The findings from the present experiments using a pspA deletion mutant have confirmed the physiological role of iPSPs as serine producers and show that serine is a major donor of one-carbon units in H. thermophilus. IMPORTANCE Serine biosynthesis and catabolism pathways are intimately related to the metabolism of 5,10-CH2-THF, a one-carbon donor that is utilized for the biosynthesis of various essential compounds. For this reason, determining the mechanism of serine synthesis is important for understanding the fundamental anabolic pathways of microorganisms. In the present study, we experimentally confirmed that a novel phosphoserine phosphatase in the obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Hydrogenobacter thermophilus is essential for serine biosynthesis. This finding indicates that serine is synthesized from an intermediate of gluconeogenesis in H. thermophilus. In addition, because glycine cleavage system activity and genes encoding an enzyme capable of producing 5,10-CH2-THF were not detected, serine appears to be the major one-carbon donor to tetrahydrofolate (THF) in H. thermophilus.

A benefit segmentation of the major donor market

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne S.P. Cermak ◽  
Karen Maru File ◽  
Russ Alan Prince
Keyword(s):  
Benefit Segmentation ◽  
Major Donor

scholarly journals HISTOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES IN A CLOSELY BRED COLONY OF DOGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix T. Rapaport ◽  
Arthur D. Boyd ◽  
Frank C. Spencer ◽  
Richard R. Lower ◽  
Jean Dausset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Histocompatibility Antigens ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Renal Allografts ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Cardiac Allografts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Donor ◽  
Selection Of

The DL-A system of histocompatibility plays an important role in conditioning the survival of cardiac allografts in the unmodified canine host. The mean survival time of six cardiac allografts performed in DL-A-compatible littermate dogs obtained from a closely bred colony of beagles was 53.2 days, while the MST of transplants performed in seven DL-A-incompatible animals was 7.3 days. The MST of cardiac allografts performed in nine DL-A-compatible nonlittermate beagles was 26.3 days, as compared with 6.3 days in six DL-A-incompatible nonlittermate transplants. The results did not appear to be affected by Swisher erythrocyte-group incompatibilities. The MST of 28 cardiac allografts performed in randomly selected mongrel dogs was 10.0 days. Incompatibilities for DL-A antigens e, f, g, l, and m may constitute major barriers to transplantation, but antigens b, c, d, and k appeared to act as weak histocompatibility antigens. Under controlled conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility, cardiac allografts may be less immunogenic than renal transplants. Heart transplants performed across major donor-recipient DL-A incompatibilities appeared, however, to be more vulnerable to the events of allograft rejection than renal allografts performed under similar conditions. The selection of optimally compatible donor-recipient combinations for organ transplantation may be aided materially by genetic studies of the transmission of DL-A antigens to the animals under consideration.

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