Personality, threat identification and emotional processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sointu Leikas ◽  
Marjaana Lindeman
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli

Individual differences in threat identification moderate the associations of personality with emotional experience and behaviour. The present two studies examined whether adeptness at threat identification also moderates the associations between personality and emotional processing. Participants completed personality scales, different emotional processing measures and a threat versus non‐threat categorization task. Adeptness at threat identification moderated the relations between agreeableness and negative interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, negative reactivity and positive likelihood judgments, and the relation between neuroticism and negative recall. The results supported the view that agreeableness and adeptness at threat identification together form a self‐regulation system. The results may have important implications for trait and health psychology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The credibility of acted screams: Implications for emotional communication research

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1889-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan WM Engelberg ◽  
Harold Gouzoules
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Categorization Task

Researchers have long relied on acted material to study emotional expression and perception in humans. It has been suggested, however, that certain aspects of natural expressions are difficult or impossible to produce voluntarily outside of their associated emotional contexts, and that acted expressions tend to be overly intense caricatures. From an evolutionary perspective, listeners’ abilities to distinguish acted from natural expressions likely depend on the type of expression in question, the costs entailed in its production, and elements of receiver psychology. Here, we investigated these issues as they relate to human screams. We also examined whether listeners’ abilities to distinguish acted from natural screams might vary as a function of individual differences in emotional processing and empathy. Using a forced-choice categorization task, we found that listeners could not distinguish acted from natural exemplars, suggesting that actors can produce dramatisations of screams resembling natural vocalisations. Intensity ratings did not differ between acted and natural screams, nor did individual differences in emotional processing significantly predict performance. Scream duration predicted both the probability that an exemplar was categorised as acted and the probability that participants classified that scream accurately. These findings are discussed with respect to potential evolutionary implications and their practical relevance to future research using acted screams.

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Stoakley ◽  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.

Learning Goal Orientation and Academic Performance: A Dynamic model

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110434
Author(s):  
Bingjie Lu ◽  
Yingxin Deng ◽  
Xiang Yao ◽  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Drawing on the reciprocal determinism of self-regulation system, a process-based model is used to examine the relationship of learning goal orientation (LGO) among university students with their academic performance, via reciprocal relationships between initial status and change trajectories in academic self-efficacy and feedback-seeking behaviors. A longitudinal study of 316 Chinese university students throughout their first year in college reveals that students who have high LGO in their first month after entering the university generally have higher academic self-efficacy and seek more feedback. Moreover, initial levels of feedback seeking are positively related to academic performance via linear change in academic self-efficacy over time. Limitations of the study and practical implications are discussed.

The Structure of the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS-25)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marco Lauriola ◽  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Cristina Trentini ◽  
Manuela Tomai ◽  
Stefano Pontone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract. The Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) assesses emotional processing in terms of suppression, signs of unprocessed emotion, controllability of emotions, avoidance of emotional triggers, and impoverished emotional experience. Previous confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) yielded insufficient fit and questioned the EPS factors’ discriminant validity. The present study aimed to test unidimensional, five-factor, and bifactor models using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and CFA. We administered the scale to 350 Italian participants in good health and 346 gastrointestinal patients referred for endoscopy because of mild-to-severe gastrointestinal symptoms. ESEM models outperformed corresponding CFA models. The bifactor ESEM model was a good fit in single group analyses and achieved metric and scalar invariance in multigroup analyses. The inspection of latent mean differences revealed a consistent trend for patients to avoid emotional triggers and have less general emotional processing difficulties. The study clarified the EPS factor structure and supported its use to assess the emotional processing of medical patients and community participants.

Individual differences in visual attention and self-regulation: A multimethod longitudinal study from infancy to toddlerhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne B. Geeraerts ◽  
Roy S. Hessels ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel ◽  
Jorg Huijding ◽  
Joyce J. Endendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Self Regulation

Interest as the Missing Motivator in Self-Regulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Sansone ◽  
Dustin B. Thoman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. Typically, models of self-regulation include motivation in terms of goals. Motivation is proposed to fluctuate according to how much individuals value goals and expect to attain them. Missing from these models is the motivation that arises from the process of goal-pursuit. We suggest that an important aspect of self-regulation is monitoring and regulating our motivation, not just our progress toward goals. Although we can regulate motivation by enhancing the value or expectancy of attaining the outcome, we suggest that regulating the interest experience can be just as, if not more, powerful. We first present our model, which integrates self-regulation of interest within the goal-striving process. We then briefly review existing evidence, distinguishing between two broad classes of potential interest-enhancing strategies: intrapersonal and interpersonal. For each class of strategies we note what is known about developmental and individual differences in whether and how these kinds of strategies are used. We also discuss implications, including the potential trade-offs between regulating interest and performance, and how recognizing the role of the interest experience may shed new light on earlier research in domains such as close relationships, psychiatric disorders, and females' choice to drop out of math and science.

scholarly journals The correlation of sociopsychological characteristics and self-stigmatization of patients with mental disorders (Result of original study)

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
N. B. Lutova ◽  
O. V. Makarevich ◽  
K. E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Original Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self System

The investigation studies the relationship between narcissistic self-regulation with the features and expression of self-stigmatization in patients with endogenous mental disorders. The study involved 131 people, including patients with schizophrenia — 66.8% and individuals with affective disorders — 33.2%. The survey was conducted by using the following methods: «Index of Self-system functioning» and questionnaire of self-stigmatization by Mikhailova-Yastrebov. Data on correlation of strength personality reducing with selfstigmatization, the specifics of Self-regulation structure in various inner stigma forms, and the absence of IFSS significant differences in patient’s groups with different nosological forms of mental disorders, disease’s duration and number of hospitalizations — were obtained. The specific personal characteristics underlying premorbid changes in the Self-regulation system that determine the vulnerability of patients to the formation of stigma are discussed.

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