Differences in personality between sustained hypertension, isolated clinic hypertension and normotension

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Sanz ◽  
María Paz García‐Vera ◽  
Inés Magán ◽  
Regina Espinosa ◽  
María Fortún
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Activity Survey

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in personality between hypertension and normotension. Forty‐two male patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups after self‐assessment of blood pressure, 18 with sustained hypertension and 24 with isolated clinic (white coat) hypertension, and were compared with 25 men with normotension on Spielberger's State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Jenkins Activity Survey. In line with hypotheses, the sustained hypertensive group showed higher levels of trait anxiety, Type A behaviour pattern, and hard‐driving behaviours/competitiveness than the normotensive group, whereas isolated clinic hypertensives occupied an intermediate position between those two groups. Results provide support to the hypothesised relationship between personality and hypertension and stress the need of distinguishing sustained hypertension from isolated clinic hypertension. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of Parental Styles on Anxiety and Type a Behavior Pattern

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Essau ◽  
Mary Beth Coates
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
Type A Behavior Pattern ◽  
Parental Styles ◽  
Student Version ◽  
Activity Survey

The present study examined the effect of reported parental styles on 35 undergraduates' anxiety and the Type A behavior pattern. The modified version of Kelly and Goodwin's Parental Control-style Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey were administered. Analysis showed that the subjects who had autocratic parents exhibited more Type A behavior pattern as well as having higher scores on the anxiety scales than those who had either permissive or democratic parents.

Abstract 2745: Diagnostic Algorithm Using Office and Home Blood Pressures to Exclude White Coat Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujith Kuruvilla ◽  
Kiran Nallella ◽  
Anne Mani ◽  
Geetha Pinto ◽  
Daichi Shimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
White Coat ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Clinic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Traditional Algorithm ◽  
Blood Pressures

Background: It has been suggested that the diagnosis of sustained hypertension (SHTN), defined as clinic blood pressure (CBP) ≥140 or ≥90 mmHg plus a daytime ambulatory BP (ABP) ≥135 or ≥85 mmHg can be optimized by taking home BP (HBP) in those with high CBP, and obtaining ABP only if HBP is normal (<135/85). This study tested whether a higher cutoff value for CBP using Receiver Operator Curves (ROC) based on systolic and diastolic CBP for the diagnosis of SHT (95% specificity) would improve the efficiency of the algorithm for diagnosing SHT and reduce the number of subjects requiring HBP and ABP to establish the diagnosis. Methods and Results: We assessed CBP, ABP and HBP in 229 normotensive and untreated hypertensive subjects. CBP was high in 84 subjects. Of these, 74 (88%) had SHTN, and 10 (12%) white coat HTN (WCH- high CBP but normal ABP). With HBP, 69 (82%) had high HBP, and of these 63 (91%) had SHT. Based on traditional algorithm, 15 subjects require ABP monitoring to diagnose SHT, which would be confirmed in 11. Using the ROC algorithm, 55 of 84 subjects (50 SHT; 5 WCH) would be classified as ``hypertensive” (at or above the CBP cut-off); 29 subjects would fall below the cut-off and require HBP (with 24 having SHT); 5 subjects would require ABP. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SHT were 100% and 40% for the traditional algorithm, and 100% and 20% for the ROC algorithm. Conclusions: The ROC algorithm is as effective as the traditional algorithm for diagnosing SHT, and requires fewer HBPs (29 vs. 84) and ABPs (5 vs. 15). Therefore, this algorithm may have widespread indications for the screening of ambulatory hypertension.

The Validity of the Jenkins Activity Survey in Terms of Illness and Work

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J.W. Strümpfer
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Drive Component ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
The Relationship

The Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), as a means of operationalizing it, are described. The JAS is a measure of the ‘pressured drive’ component of the TABP and is related only poorly to the Structured Interview, which is usually considered as the standard méasure of the TABP. Literature on the JAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) is reviewed first. Cross-sectional studies provided favourable validation but not so prospective studies. A number of large-scale prospective studies with consistently negative findings are viewed as inconclusive for sampling reasons. Overall, the results discourage use of the JAS as a predictor of CHD. Next, data on the JAS and illness in general, as well as accidents and injuries, are reviewed and moderate support for the relationship is found. Lastly, the relationship of the JAS to occupational and productivity criteria is reviewed and fairly strong ties are highlighted. A number of alternative measures and more sophisticated research designs are proposed.

scholarly journals Psychological and Physiological Relaxation Induced by Nature-Working with Ornamental Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao ◽  
Ahmad Hassan ◽  
Chen Qibing ◽  
Liu Yinggao ◽  
Guo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physiological Relaxation

Objective. Nature has a significant impact on general well-being. However, till date, little psychophysiological evidence is available on the benefits of nature-based activities in adults. The primary goal of this study was to determine the physiological and psychological benefits of horticultural activity in adults. The participants were instructed to perform the making of a flower basket (horticultural activity) and a computer task (i.e., control activity) was compared. Methods. A total of 40 Chinese females (mean age 22.2 ± 0.9 years) participated in this experiment. The Blood pressure, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the electroencephalograms (EEGs) were used to measure the participants’ psychophysiological responses. Results. Analysis of the STAI data showed a lower anxiety score after performing the horticultural activity than after performing the control activity. Furthermore, in the EEG evaluation, variations in the brainwaves were observed after both activities. Conclusions. The study results suggest that horticultural activity induced physiological and psychological relaxation in adults.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Approaches to White Coat Hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Tereza Hubkova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
White Coat ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Sleep Breathing Disorder ◽  
Over Time

This case presentation illustrates the importance of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with white coat hypertension, as many progress into sustained hypertension over time. Also, it serves as a reminder not to overlook a possible underlying sleep breathing disorder in patients who are not obese or fatigued. Finally, the case provides an opportunity to review the value of non-pharmacological and lifestyle approaches to the treatment of both white coat hypertension and sustained hypertension.

An Overview of Jenkins Activity Survey Data in South Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J.W. Strümpfer
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
High Type ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Activity Survey

Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) data on samples of executives are reviewed first, followed by data on non-executive samples. A strong possibility exists of an unusually high incidence of the Type A behaviour pattern, as measured by the JAS Type A scale, among white managers in business and industries characterized by a strong marketing orientation and in occupations characterized by fast, personalized feedback on performance. Afrikaans speakers tended to obtain higher mean Type A scores than English speakers, in some cases significantly so. Patterns of scores on the Factor S, J and H scales suggest that the high Type A scores do not necessarily imply a high risk for coronary heart disease. However, the possibility of other ill-health as a consequence should be considered.

The Type A/B Behaviour Pattern in Samples of Urban and Rural Men

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Arild Espnes ◽  
Albert Conrad Mellam
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
Rural Sample ◽  
Global Type ◽  
Activity Survey

The present study assessed the prevalence of the Type A behaviour pattern in a rural and an urban sample of men in Norway. The study was carried through on data collected for other purposes, reported earlier in 1998 and 1999, to evaluate whether there were differences in Type A behaviour pattern between the two environmental settings. The Type A behaviour pattern was assessed in both studies using the Jenkins Activity Survey. Analysis of the data on the Global Type A scale indicated that, on average, participants in both environments reported as Type Bs as opposed to Type As. However, the distribution of scores on the subscales of the Jenkins Activity Survey showed that mean scores on the Type A behaviour attributes were higher in the urban sample than those in the rural sample. The results concerning the expression of the Global Type A from these samples supported expectations about differences in challenges of a competitive environment such as an urban setting, expressed in the literature.

Occupational Stress and Behavioral Change

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1061-1062
Author(s):  
J. S. Macmillan ◽  
Paul M. Valliant
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Jenkins Activity Survey ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

For 25 secretaries employed at Laurentian University, scores on the MMPI Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Self-esteem Inventory, Jenkins Activity Survey, and Occupational Stress Questionnaires showed no significant change in behavior associated with occupational stress. Characteristics ‘hard-driving’ and ‘speed-impatience’ were predictors of Type A behavior.

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