Typeness of personality profiles: a continuous person‐centred approach to personality data

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens B. Asendorpf
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modelling ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

I propose a new method of analysing personality profiles based on multiple traits. Personality profiles are regressed within individuals on prototypic profiles for personality types. To increase reliability, empirical Bayes estimates as obtained from hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) are used. The regression coefficients are interpreted as typeness, the extent to which the individual personality profile deviates from the mean profile in the sample consistent with the deviations of the personality types. These continuous parameters of typeness are subsequently used in between‐person analyses. This method was applied to two studies of Big Five profiles that were related to prototypic profiles for overcontrollers and undercontrollers. The typeness parameters, if reliable, showed a longitudinal stability and an external validity similar to the Big Five scales. The merits and limits of the proposed approach for the description of, and prediction from, personality are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the MCMI-II

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Munley ◽  
Dharm S. Bains ◽  
William D. Bloem ◽  
Rebecca M. Busby ◽  
Steve Pendziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Profile ◽  
Univariate Analyses

This study investigated the MCMI-II profile characteristics of 39 veterans diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Characteristics of the mean group profile were similar to prior findings reported in the literature on the MCMI and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with highest mean elevations found on the Avoidant, Passive-Aggressive, Schizoid, and Antisocial basic personality scales, the Borderline and Schizotypal pathological personality scales, and with elevations on the Anxiety, Dysthymia, Alcohol Dependence, Drug Dependence, and Major Depression clinical syndrome scales. A multivariate analysis of variance comparing the group with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with a non-PTSD comparison group of 39 on the basic personality, pathological personality, and the clinical syndrome scales of the MCMI-II was not statistically significant. Nonetheless, univariate analyses of variance comparing the two groups on the individual modifier scales and the individual personality and clinical syndrome scales of the MCMI-II using a Bonferroni adjusted probability indicated significant differences on the Desirability and Histrionic scales. Response-style bias as a possible factor in MCMI-II profiles for the group with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is also discussed.

scholarly journals Correlation between Personality Types and Color Shade Preference

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ghorawat ◽  
Ravina Madan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The main aim of this study was to find out whether the color shade preferences of individuals, grouped according to their personality types are alike or not. The researchers also tried to study the difference in color shade preferences based on gender differences. The objective was to understand whether the color shade preferences of individuals are affected by their individual personality types or not and whether gender plays any role in selection of color shades of individuals. The study sample consisted of a total of 80 subjects, randomly selected from within the age group of 18-25. An attempt was made to maintain a balance between two genders and across the ages. The research instruments used were Eysenck’s Personality Test (to measure the personality types) and a separate Colour Bar- Colour Preference Test was designed to serve the purpose of this study. The subjects were made to fill both the questionnaires and then the items were scored and results were analyzed. Positive scoring was done for Eysenck’s personality questionnaire and negative scoring was used to score the Colour Bar-Colour Preference Test. The data collected was divided into: Introverts (female, male) and Extroverts (female, male). From the data collected the mean, standard deviation and correlation between extraversion scores and the most preferred colour scores, for all the four groups. The mean, standard deviation, and correlation for the four groups was found to be 436.4 (IF), 529.2 (IM), 504 (EF), 453.4 (EM); 5.47 (IF), 6.52 (IM), 5.48 (EF), 6.93(EM); -0.3 (IF), -0.1 (IM), 0.1 (EF) and 0.5 (EM) respectively. From this the conclusion was drawn that there was no significant correlation found between the personality types and colour shade preferences of the subjects except in the case of extroverted males. Recommendations: Increase the sample size as that proved to be a limitation to this study. A study across ages is also possible and might give different results.

Myers-Briggs Personality Types of Art Collectors

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Gridley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Types ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Myers Briggs Type Indicator ◽  
Art Collectors ◽  
Type Indicator ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Myers Briggs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experience Factor ◽  
Age Range

27 art collectors (13 men, 14 women) completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Their age range was 37 to 86 years and the mean 59.5 yr. Seventy percent were classified as Intuition types instead of Sensation types (versus its 25% incidence in the general population). This corresponds to personality profiles of artists and the disproportionately high incidence of high scores on the related Openness to Experience factor in studies of creative personalities, thereby supporting the contention that persons creating art and appreciating art have personality traits in common.

scholarly journals Big Five in University Students in Relation to Psychological and Entrepreneurial Competences

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Iveta Kmecová ◽  
Alena Kajanová
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Individual

The objective of the research was to find and analyse the dependence factors of the individual personality. For the purpose of the analysis, students of two higher education institutions in the South Bohemian Region, the Czech Republic, were chosen. The students were from different fields of study, men and women, of different age. The research further dealt with the dependency of the Big Five factors on the positive and negative stress management strategies. The research results can be used for further studies that would be a contribution to theory as well as for the individualization of the approach to concrete groups or individual students.

A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

Five Personality Types Based on Big Five: A Latent Class Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Ping Yao ◽  
Katharine Didericksen ◽  
Juyoung Jang ◽  
David Olson
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Class Analysis

Individuality and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulative Ideal ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of the marginal markings and annotations Nietzsche made to the works of Emerson in his personal library, the book offers a philosophical interpretation of the impact on Nietzsche’s thought of his reading of these works, a reading that began when he was a schoolboy and extended to the final years of his conscious life. The many ideas and sources of inspiration that Nietzsche drew from Emerson can be organized in terms of two main lines of thought. The first line leads in the direction of the development of the individual personality, that is, the achievement of critical thinking, moral autonomy, and original self-expression. The second line of thought is the overcoming of individuality: that is to say, the need to transcend one’s own individual—and thus by definition limited—view of the world by continually confronting and engaging with visions different from one’s own and by putting into question and debating one’s own values and certainties. The image of the strong personality that Nietzsche forms thanks to his reading of Emerson ultimately takes on the appearance of a nomadic subject who is continually passing out of themselves—that is to say, abandoning their own positions and convictions—so as to undergo a constant process of evolution. In other words, the formation of the individual personality takes on the form of a regulative ideal: a goal that can never be said to have been definitively and once and for all attained.

Quality of Life for Children with Persistent Sinonasal Symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kay ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations. RESULTS: Good test-retest reliability ( R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items ( R ≥ 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation ( R ≥ 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs ( R ≥ 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF DNA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1091
Author(s):  
John H Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Ergodic Markov Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Markov Chain Models ◽  
Rate Of Molecular Evolution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evolution Of Proteins

ABSTRACT A statistical analysis of DNA sequences from four nuclear loci and five mitochondrial loci from different orders of mammals is described. A major aim of the study is to describe the variation in the rate of molecular evolution of proteins and DNA. A measure of rate variability is the statistic R, the ratio of the variance in the number of substitutions to the mean number. For proteins, R is found to be in the range 0.16 < R < 35.55, thus extending in both directions the values seen in previous studies. An analysis of codons shows that there is a highly significant excess of double substitutions in the first and second positions, but not in the second and third or first and third positions. The analysis of the dynamics of nucleotide evolution showed that the ergodic Markov chain models that are the basis of most published formulas for correcting for multiple substitutions are incompatible with the data. A bootstrap procedure was used to show that the evolution of the individual nucleotides, even the third positions, show the same variation in rates as seen in the proteins. It is argued that protein and silent DNA evolution are uncoupled, with the evolution at both levels showing patterns that are better explained by the action of natural selection than by neutrality. This conclusion is based primarily on a comparison of the nuclear and mitochondrial results.

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