A defence of the lexical approach to the study of personality structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Kibeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Lexical Approach

In recent years there have been many investigations of personality structure, and much of this research has been based on the lexical strategy for finding the major personality dimensions. However, this approach has frequently been criticized on several grounds, including concerns regarding the use of adjectives as personality variables, the use of lay observers of personality, the limited explanatory power of lexically derived personality dimensions, and the lack of any similar strategies used in other sciences. In this paper, these criticisms are addressed in detail and judged to be invalid. It is argued that the study of personality structure via the lexical approach is an important area of research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Can Network Models Represent Personality Structure and Processes Better than Trait Models Do?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rothmund ◽  
Anna Baumert ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Trait Model ◽  
Better Than

We argue that replacing the trait model with the network model proposed in the target article would be immature for three reasons. (i) If properly specified and grounded in substantive theories, the classic state–trait model provides a flexible framework for the description and explanation of person × situation transactions. (ii) Without additional substantive theories, the network model cannot guide the identification of personality components. (iii) Without assumptions about psychological processes that account for causal links among personality components, the concept of equilibrium has merely descriptive value and lacks explanatory power. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Personality: New Zealand Children and English Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Saklofske ◽  
S. B. G. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
High Degree

The recently published Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire contains scales to measure the personality dimensions of Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism, as well as a Lie (dissimulation) factor. In view of the large volume of standardization data cross-cultural studies of personality structure are possible. The questionnaire was accordingly administered to a sample of New Zealand boys ( N = 644) and girls ( N = 672), aged from 7 to 15 yr., and the New Zealand data compared with the results reported in the manual for samples of English children. The pattern of correlations between scales was similar for both samples, the correlations tending to be quite low. The majority of items loaded on their respective factors, and these factors could be clearly identified with Eysenck's personality dimensions. Factor comparisons indicated a high degree of factor similarity for boys and girls. Internal consistency reliabilities were quite satisfactory for both sexes and closely resembled those reported in the manual. Sex and age trends were also consistent with the English results. Of some interest is the fact that New Zealand children obtained higher Psychoticism scores than did English children; they also obtained lower Lie scores.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Parental Bonding and Symptom Severity in Adults with Depression: Mediation by Personality Dimensions

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox ◽  
Derrick K Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Personality Vulnerabilities ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: An association between anomalous parental bonding experiences (lack of parental care, overprotection, or both) and depression during adulthood has been observed in several studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate several different personality dimensions as possible mediators of the relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Methods: Outpatients with depression (n = 138) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and several measures of proposed personality vulnerabilities to depression. The conceptual and methodological criteria of Baron and Kenny (1986) were used to assess possible mediating effects of personality variables. Results: In men, overprotection by their fathers was significantly associated with depression; neuroticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes acted as mediators of this relationship. In women, lack of care by their mothers was significantly associated with depression; self-criticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes mediated this relationship. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that personality factors may mediate the observed relationship between parental rearing style and depression. These potential causal mechanisms warrant longitudinal evaluation.

scholarly journals Personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. Blumberg ◽  
Ruth Zeligman ◽  
Liat Appel ◽  
Shira Tibon-Czopp
Keyword(s):  
Peace Education ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Peace And War

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between major personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war. Design/methodology/approach Three samples – two consisting of British psychology students (n=64 and 121) and one of Israeli students (n=80), responded to measures of some or all of: five-factor inventory, SYMLOG trait form, general survey including authoritarianism; attitudes towards peace and war; specific attitudes towards peace and war policy. Findings The general attitude measures were associated with the specific attitudes. Both were associated with authoritarianism but not consistently with other personality dimensions. Research limitations/implications Descriptive findings might not generalize and need contextualization. Authoritarianism should be measured in any studies of attitudes related to peace, war, conflict, and structural violence. Practical implications Practitioners of peace education may first need to address high authoritarianism and low integrative complexity. Also, countering structural violence related, for instance, to poverty or prejudice/discrimination may require a comprehensive approach including collaborative work with clinical psychologists applying both implicit and explicit assessment tools. Originality/value Documenting links (and lack of them) among personality variables and attitudes towards peace and war has practical and theoretical value – and may contribute to organizational schemes shaped by personality structure and bearing implications for negotiations. In terms of a paradigm by Morton Deutsch, our results show individual differences in, and associations among, variables relating to the remediable likelihood of parties being differentially likely to find themselves in negatively vs. positively interdependent situations; and carrying out effective instead of “bungling” actions.

Selected Correlates of Computer Arcade Game Play

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet G. Melancon ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Cognitive Variable ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Personality Variables

Empirical research on correlates of computer arcade game play has been extremely limited, notwithstanding social and legal controversy regarding these games. The present study employed speeded cognitive measures and personality measures to determine selected correlates of game play. Although one cognitive variable had noteworthy predictive power, the personality variables had more appreciable explanatory power in both reported analyses.

scholarly journals Relationship between Criterion Task Set Performance and the Personality Variables of Sensation Seeking and Stimulus Screening

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Gilliland ◽  
Robert Schlegel ◽  
Sharon Dannels
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Criterion Task ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Screening Scale

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of the Criterion Task Set (CTS) as a method for personality theory testing. Subjects in a large CTS standardization study were administered the Sensation Seeking scale and the Stimulus Screening scale, two personality dimensions based theoretically on perceptual or biological processes that are believed to mediate task performance. Results indicated that high sensation seekers respond faster, but not necessarily more accurately, than low sensation seekers to central processing tasks. No differences were found for input/perceptual or motor/output tasks. Also, no differences were found between screeners and nonscreeners for any CTS tasks. The results of this study suggest that the CTS can be used profitably by personality researchers to test the basic assumptions of the theories of some personality dimensions.

scholarly journals Factors That Influence Students To Participate In Team Decision Making

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
William R. Forrester ◽  
Armen Tashchian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Team Decision Making ◽  
Team Decision

This study investigated the effects of personality on participation in decision making in a sample of 225 business students. The Neo-FFI scale was used to measure the five personality dimensions of openness, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Analysis indicated that personality dimensions, extroversion and conscientiousness, influenced participation. No participation influence was observed for other personality variables. Partial Least Squares modeling indicated that the extroversion and conscientiousness influences were mediated by other variables. The effect of extroversion was fully mediated by an intervening variable representing the choice to use competitive strategies for achieving success. The effect of conscientiousness was mediated by citizenship behavior as well as the choice to use competitive strategies.

On Models of Personality Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Kibeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Common Factors ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Network Links

We suggest that the description by Cramer et al. (2012) of traditional models of personality structure does not perfectly reflect the models actually endorsed by researchers. Personality researchers assume that many variables will have considerable secondary loadings and that the major personality factors will not account for all of the covariation among those variables. A model that includes common factors provides a more parsimonious explanation of covariation among personality variables than does a model consisting of network links only. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Personality and Family History of Disease

1971 ◽  
Vol 119 (549) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Robert Taylor Segraves
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of

Personality structure has been linked with cancer, heart disease, and duodenal ulceration. Eysenck (1965) hypothesized that the association of personality with these diseases is the result of an association between the genetic factors influencing personality predisposition and disease susceptibility. As briefly discussed by the present author elsewhere (Segraves, 1970), Eysenck's hypothesis seems tenable, since both these personality dimensions and these diseases have been shown to have hereditary components and to be related to bodily habitus in analogous ways.

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