The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) focuses on failing suppression attempts

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rassin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Large Study ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Experimental studies have produced evidence to suggest that suppressing unwanted thoughts paradoxically results in even more unwanted thoughts. Therefore, suppression is considered to be an inadequate control strategy. Wegner and Zanakos (1994; Journal of Personality, 62, 615–640) introduced the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) as a measure to identify people who chronically tend to suppress unwanted thoughts. However, recent studies suggest that the WBSI does not exclusively measure thought suppression, but also addresses the experience of intrusive thoughts. Hence, the WBSI does not seem to measure suppression per se, but rather failing suppression. Three studies elaborate on this idea. In study 1, factor analysis of 674 non‐clinical WBSI scores is found to support the hypothesis that the WBSI addresses both suppression and intrusion. By and large, study 2 replicates these findings in a clinical sample (N=106). In study 3, an alternative suppression questionnaire is introduced, focusing on suppression and intrusions, but also on successful suppression. It is concluded that the WBSI, and thought suppression research in general, is biased toward failing suppression attempts, and has ignored the possibility of successful suppression. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Intrusive Thoughts in Depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Wenzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

This article traces the origins of intrusive thoughts in depression, devoting special attention to how misguided attempts to gain mental control can ironically fuel unwanted thoughts. A review of the research highlights the ways in which cognitive biases, stress, and thought suppression can contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. The article concludes with a consideration of the implications for treatment.

scholarly journals Accepting test-anxiety-related thoughts increases academic performance among undergraduate students

Psihologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-432
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Senay ◽  
Mustafa Cetinkaya ◽  
Muhammet Usak
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Given that unwanted thoughts are enhanced when suppressed, we tested among college freshmen who were about to take an academic exam if an acceptance strategy consisting of not suppressing intrusive thoughts will improve test performance. This strategy proved superior to students? own default strategies as much as a modified, alternative strategy, avoiding the antecedents of intrusive thoughts. Moreover, the combination of the two strategies counteracted a stronger, negative effect of test anxiety on test performance as compared with each strategy used alone. The results suggest that not only intrusive thoughts per se but also the suppression of these thoughts can disrupt test performance, and hint that approaching such thoughts with acceptance may not interfere with simultaneously working toward avoiding the antecedents of these thoughts.

Equivalent Factorial Structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in Clinical and Nonclinical Jordanian Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi S. Daoud ◽  
Amjed A. Abojedi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
General Psychological Distress

This study investigates the equivalent factorial structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in clinical and nonclinical Jordanian populations, using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 53-item checklist was administered to 647 nonclinical participants and 315 clinical participants. Eight factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the nonclinical sample, and six factors emerged for the clinical sample. When tested by parallel analysis (PA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the results reflected a unidimensional factorial structure in both samples. Furthermore, multigroup CFA showed invariance between clinical and nonclinical unidimensional models, which lends further support to the evidence of the unidimensionality of the BSI. The study suggests that the BSI is a potentially useful measure of general psychological distress in clinical and nonclinical population. Ideas for further research are recommended.

Cultural Humility With a Clinical Sample of Latina/o/x Americans: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Zelaya ◽  
Laura Cobourne ◽  
Shola Shodiya-Zeumault ◽  
Caleb N. Chadwick ◽  
Cassandra L. Hinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Glucocorticoids produce whole body insulin resistance with changes in cardiac metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E654-E667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dake Qi ◽  
Brian Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Per Se

Insulin resistance is viewed as an insufficiency in insulin action, with glucocorticoids being recognized to play a key role in its pathogenesis. With insulin resistance, metabolism in multiple organ systems such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue is altered. These metabolic alterations are widely believed to be important factors in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. More importantly, clinical and experimental studies have established that metabolic abnormalities in the heart per se also play a crucial role in the development of heart failure. Following glucocorticoids, glucose utilization is compromised in the heart. This attenuated glucose metabolism is associated with altered fatty acid supply, composition, and utilization. In the heart, elevated fatty acid use has been implicated in a number of metabolic, morphological, and mechanical changes and, more recently, in “lipotoxicity”. In the present article, we review the action of glucocorticoids, their role in insulin resistance, and their influence in modulating peripheral and cardiac metabolism and heart disease.

A mediational model of trait negative affectivity, dispositional thought suppression, and intrusive thoughts following laboratory stressors

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Lynch ◽  
Kristin G. Schneider ◽  
M. Zachary Rosenthal ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Mediational Model

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form in Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panwen Zhang ◽  
Zirong Ouyang ◽  
Shulin Fang ◽  
Jiayue He ◽  
Lejia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) is a 25-item measuring tool evaluating maladaptive personality traits for the diagnosis of personality disorders(PDs). As a promising scale, its impressive psychometric properties have been verified in some countries, however, there have no studies about the utility of PID-5-BF in Chinese settings. The current study aimed to explore the maladaptive personality factor model which was culturally adapted in China and examine psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form among Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients.Methods: 7155 undergraduate students and 451 clinical patients completed the Chinese version of PID-5-BF. 228 students were chosen randomly for test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to discover the most suitable construct in Chinese, measurement invariance(MI), internal consistency, and external validity were also calculated.Results: An exploratory six-factor model was supported more suitable in both samples(Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.039; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.886, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.060), adding a new factor“Interpersonal Relationships”. Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical sample was established (configural, weak, strong MI, and partial strict MI). Aside from acceptable internal consistency (Undergraduate sample: alpha=0.84, MIC=0.21; Clinical sample: alpha=0.86, MIC=0.19) and test-retest reliability(0.73), the association with 220-item PID-5 was significant(r = 0.93, p < 0.01), and six PDs measured by Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were correlated with expected domains of PID-5-BF.Conclusions: The PID-5-BF is a convenient and useful screening tool for personality disorders with a novel six-factor model in Chinese settings, with the main difference for the Negative Affect domain.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire: A multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis across sex and age in a Dutch non-clinical sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Scheffers ◽  
Marijtje A. J. van Duijn ◽  
Ruud J. Bosscher ◽  
Durk Wiersma ◽  
Robert A. Schoevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Giving G a Meaning: An Application of the Bifactor-(S-1) Approach to Realize a More Symptom-Oriented Modeling of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Heinrich ◽  
Pavle Zagorscak ◽  
Michael Eid ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
First Order ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Bifactor Models ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Analysis Models

The Beck Depression Inventory–II is one of the most frequently used scales to assess depressive burden. Despite many psychometric evaluations, its factor structure is still a topic of debate. An increasing number of articles using fully symmetrical bifactor models have been published recently. However, they all produce anomalous results, which lead to psychometric and interpretational difficulties. To avoid anomalous results, the bifactor-(S-1) approach has recently been proposed as alternative for fitting bifactor structures. The current article compares the applicability of fully symmetrical bifactor models and symptom-oriented bifactor-(S-1) and first-order confirmatory factor analysis models in a large clinical sample ( N = 3,279) of adults. The results suggest that bifactor-(S-1) models are preferable when bifactor structures are of interest, since they reduce problematic results observed in fully symmetrical bifactor models and give the G factor an unambiguous meaning. Otherwise, symptom-oriented first-order confirmatory factor analysis models present a reasonable alternative.

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