The creation and consequences of the social world: an interactional analysis of extraversion

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Eaton ◽  
David C. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social World ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Research Assistants

Seventy‐six previously unacquainted, opposite‐sex pairs of undergraduate participants engaged in a 5 min videotaped interaction, then provided their mutual impressions. Research assistants coded 64 behaviours from the videotapes; these ratings were combined into behavioural factors. Participants provided self‐descriptions of personality and were described by two acquaintances. Path analyses indicated that targets extraversion was associated with their behavioural involvement, which in turn was associated with partners subsequent ratings of their personality. Targets interpersonal positive affectivity was associated with their partners extraversion. Similar patterns of behavioural associations were found in relation to self‐reported, partner‐reported, and acquaintance‐reported extraversion. These results demonstrate how extraverts may create a positive social environment through their own positivity and by creating a social press for positivity in return. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Heightened perception of competition hastens courtship

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Claudia Santori ◽  
Luc F Bussière ◽  
Thomas M Houslay
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mating History ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Face Complex ◽  
Multiple Male

Abstract When animals use costly labile display or signal traits to display to the opposite sex, they face complex decisions regarding the degree and timing of their investment in separate instances of trait expression. Such decisions may be informed by not only the focal individual’s condition (or pool of available resources) but also aspects of the social environment, such as perceptions of same-sex competition or the quality of available mates. However, the relative importance of these factors to investment decisions remains unclear. Here, we use manipulations of condition (through dietary nutrition), recent social environment (exposure to a silenced male, nonsilenced male, female, or isolation), and female mating history (single or multiple male) to test how quickly male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) decide to begin courting an available female. We find that males that were previously housed with nonsilenced males started courting the female earlier than other males. Females only mounted males after courtship began. Our results suggest a strong effect of the perception of competition on the decision to invest resources in sexual signaling behavior and that females might exert directional selection on its timing.

scholarly journals Infants recruit logic to learn about the social world

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Cesana-Arlotti ◽  
Ágnes Melinda Kovács ◽  
Ernő Téglás
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social World ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Logical Conclusion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Two Alternatives

AbstractWhen perceptually available information is scant, we can leverage logical connections among hypotheses to draw reliable conclusions that guide our reasoning and learning. We investigate whether this function of logical reasoning is present in infancy and aid understanding and learning about the social environment. In our task, infants watch reaching actions directed toward a hidden object whose identity is ambiguous between two alternatives and has to be inferred by elimination. Here we show that infants apply a disjunctive inference to identify the hidden object and use this logical conclusion to assess the consistency of the actions with a preference previously demonstrated by the agent and, importantly, also to acquire new knowledge regarding the preferences of the observed actor. These findings suggest that, early in life, preverbal logical reasoning functions as a reliable source of evidence that can support learning by offering a logical route for knowledge acquisition.

scholarly journals Pathology: A Diffractive Encounter of Machine/Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
Jessica Smartt Gullion
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Social World ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Journal ◽  
The Creation

I’ve been thinking about poems and about college as rhizomes (Deleuze and Guattari 1987), and as diffractive techniques (Barad 2007; Gullion 2018) for thinking about the social world. This project emerged as a way for me to understand my embodied experience of abdominal surgery. I began with the creation of an art journal, and then wrote a poem to accompany the images. I created the images and the text while thinking about my experience of undergoing surgery and diffracting that through Haraway’s (2016) ideas about cybernetics and machine bodies.

scholarly journals Individualistic and Structural Explanations in Ásta’s Categories We Live By

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Social Metaphysics

AbstractÁsta’s Categories We Live By is a superb addition to the literature on social metaphysics. In it she offers a powerful framework for understanding the creation and maintenance of social categories. In this commentary piece, I want to draw attention to Ásta’s reliance on explanatory individualism – the view that the social world is best explained by the actions and attitudes of individuals. I argue that this reliance makes it difficult for Ásta to explain how many social categories are maintained and why certain categories are reliably available to us and so resistant to change. These explanatory deficiencies could be overcome, I argue, by eschewing explanatory individualism and positing social structures to figure in structural explanations of the maintenance and availability of social categories.

scholarly journals Scientific and Theoretical Foundations of the Formation of the Social Environment in the Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Ulmasbek Umaralievich Karimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of the formation of the social environment in the family. It is known that our people have always supposed the family sacred and esteemed family relations. Therefore, the main link in any relationship related to the lifestyle of our people is the family and the social environment in the family. The formation of social relations in the family, the preservation and strengthening of the family, the creation of favorable conditions for the development of a healthy generation requires knowledge from people. Therefore, in studying and strengthening the family, it is necessary to pay special attention to the social relations in the family.

scholarly journals BASAWUIK KATO MAELO RASO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ririn Yunita ◽  
Desfiarni Desfiarni
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Creative Dance ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Village

The creation of a dance work called "Basawuik Kato Maelo Raso" aims to create creative dance works and to train as well as to educate the creative power of a choreographer to prepare ideas through innovative movements as a communicative language in a dance work. Basawik Kato Maelo Raso(interlocked words and appeared feelings) dance work is a dramatic dance work which focuses on the daily life of Minangkabau youth. Basawik Kato Maelo Raso dance work is a dance work inspired by the social phenomena of community life in traditional ceremonies such as the inauguration of penghulu (leaders), the village official events, and wedding party. Batombe tradition has the meaning as a medium to express feelings of like or dislike to the opposite sex, and it has a different response in each society. Keywords: Basawuik Kato, Maelo Raso

scholarly journals Creating a Shared Representational Space

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Oláh ◽  
Fruzsina Elekes ◽  
Ildikó Király
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epistemic States ◽  
Categorization Theory ◽  
Representational Space ◽  
The Social

The mechanisms that make the unique sociality of humans possible have long been in the focus of cognitive science. In this paper, we review recent advancements in the study of three fundamental social cognitive functions (social categorization, theory of mind and social learning) in order to outline a theory that emphasizes the need to consider their interconnectedness. We propose that the ability to represent the social world along categories and the capacity to read others’ minds are used in an integrated way to efficiently assess the epistemic states of fellow humans by creating a shared representational space. We propose that the emergence of this shared representational space is both the result of and a prerequisite to efficiently learn about the physical and social environment.

scholarly journals Does the response of D. melanogaster males to intrasexual competitors influence sexual isolation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Marie-Orleach ◽  
Annui M Sanz ◽  
Nathan W Bailey ◽  
Michael G Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Paternity Share

Abstract The evolutionary consequences of phenotypic plasticity are debated. For example, reproductive barriers between incipient species can depend on the social environment, but most evidence for this comes from studies focusing on the effects of experiencing heterospecific individuals of the opposite sex. In Drosophila melanogaster, males are well known to invest strategically in ejaculate components and show different courtship behavior when reared in the presence of male competitors. It is unknown whether such plasticity in response to same-sex social experience influences sexual isolation, so we tested this using African and cosmopolitan lines, which show partial sexual isolation. Males were housed in social isolation, with homopopulation, or with heteropopulation male partners. We then measured their mating success, latency, and duration, their paternity share, and female remating success. Isolated males copulated for a shorter duration than males housed with any male partners. However, we found no difference in any measure between homopopulation or heteropopulation treatments. Our findings suggest that the male intrasexual competitive social environment does not strongly influence sexual isolation in D. melanogaster, and that plastic effects on reproductive isolation may be influenced more strongly by the experience of social isolation than by the composition of individuals within different social environments.

Clinical application in sexual orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Musfirah Binti Mustamam ◽  
Jivanishenthiran A/L Rajathurai ◽  
Putri Milenia Gusdian ◽  
Zaireen Zulaika Binti Nasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex

When we talk about sexual orientation the first think that come into our mind is on the individual’s sexual identity in relation to the gender. But, we should know that sexual orientation and sexual identity are different. Sexual orientation is also generally defined in terms of several groups, such as heterosexuals, where there is psychological, romantic or sexual attraction towards the opposite sex, homosexuals like gay or lesbian with a psychological, social or sexual preference towards the same sex. This paper is one of the assignments in the Multicultural Counseling's subject, which discusses several cases that discuss about client's sexual orientation, then the causes and impacts of the social environment on their sexual orientation. As we know, this problem is a thing that not consider in majority of environment. Also, we convey how future counselors should respond and behave when dealing with sexual orientation clients.Keywords: sexual orientation; sexual identity; future counselor

scholarly journals Penciptaan Video Seni Instalasi "Narkoba Berbahaya"

PERSPEKTIF ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
I Wayan Nain Febri
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Television Program ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Video Installation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reference Theory ◽  
Post Production

This article discusses creating drugs that discuss new types of drugs that are very dangerous, so presenting images of drug victims in this video because it can be a concern that will increase the danger for adolescents in the productive period. Problems with the use of drugs. To discuss this problem, reference theory from (Sp, 2004) and (Murti, 2009) is used. The stages of the announcement process of the installation video of "Dangerous Drugs", discussed the stages of the creation of a television program including pre-production, production, and post-production. The results of the discussion of this article are the work of creating responses to phenomena that occur around social life. This study explains that the presence of a senior video on the installation of 'Dangerous Drugs' can trigger the creation of an anti-narcotics campaign with a form of senior video installation that is easily understood by many people who help everyone can help people who care about drugs, and always be vigilant in the social environment . This video also shows the big problem that is surrounding the future of the young generation in Indonesia.

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