The additive and interactive effects of parenting and children's personality on externalizing behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prinzie ◽  
P. Onghena ◽  
W. Hellinckx ◽  
H. Grietens ◽  
P. Ghesquière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Externalizing Behaviour ◽  
Externalizing Problem

Parenting practices have been previously linked to childhood externalizing behaviour. However, little attention has been given to the potential effect of individual personality differences among children on this relation. The current study assesses the additive effects of children's personality characteristics and explores the moderating effects of children's personality on relations between parenting practices and childhood externalizing behaviour using a proportional stratified sample of 599 nonclinical elementary‐school‐aged children. Multiple regression analyses reveal that in the mother data as well as in the father data, dysfunctional parenting and the children's personality characteristics Benevolence, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were directly related to outcomes consistent with an additive model of their effects. Significant interactions indicate that children with low scores on Benevolence who were exposed to overreactive discipline practices exhibited higher levels of externalizing behaviour. Children characterized by low scores on Conscientiousness who were exposed to coercive parenting behaviour showed elevated levels of externalizing behaviour. These results suggest that integrating children's personality characteristics within parenting models can improve the understanding of the aetiology of childhood externalizing problem behaviour. The implications of such integrations for intervention are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Parent and child personality characteristics as predictors of negative discipline and externalizing problem behaviour in children

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prinzie ◽  
P. Onghena ◽  
W. Hellinckx ◽  
H. Grietens ◽  
P. Ghesquière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Child Personality ◽  
Externalizing Behaviour ◽  
Externalizing Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Externalizing Problem Behaviour

Negative discipline has been linked to childhood externalizing behaviour. However, relatively little attention has been given to the potential effect of individual personality characteristics of children and parents. Using the Five Factor Model, we examined the extent to which parents' and children's personality characteristics were related to parenting and children's externalizing behaviour in a proportional stratified general population sample (N=599) of elementary‐school‐aged children. Based on Patterson's macromodel of parenting, an initial model was built, hypothesizing that the impact of parents' and child's personality dimensions on externalizing problems was fully mediated by negative discipline. Results supported a modified model that added direct pathways between parent and child personality characteristics and externalizing problem behaviour. For the mother data, as well as for the father data, children's Extraversion and Imagination were positively related to children's externalizing problem behaviours. Children's Benevolence and Conscientiousness and parents' Emotional Stability were negatively related to externalizing problem behaviours. For the mother data, maternal Agreeableness was positively related to externalizing problem behaviours too. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Ecological Rationality of Situations

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
Peter M. Todd ◽  
Gerd Gigerenzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Ecological Rationality ◽  
Decision Heuristics ◽  
Situation Theory ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Precise Mapping ◽  
Adaptive Toolbox

The study of situations involves asking how people behave in particular environmental settings, often in terms of their individual personality differences. The ecological rationality research program explains people’s behavior in terms of the specific decision-making tools they select and use from their mind’s adaptive toolbox when faced with specific types of environment structure. These two approaches can be integrated to provide a more precise mapping from features of situation structure to decision heuristics used and behavioral outcomes. This chapter presents three examples illustrating research on ecological rationality and its foundations, along with initial directions for incorporating it into an integrated situation theory.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF STUDYING THE INDIVIDUAL-PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH TOBACCO SMOKING ADDICTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
М. Кулаченко
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Smoking Addiction ◽  
The Individual

The article is concentrated on attention to concerning about individual−personality characteristics of the smoking-prone teenagers, while organizing the prophylaxis. Methods of studying the problem are shown, and the results of an empirical study are described.

scholarly journals Personality is associated with dominance in a social feeding context in the great tit

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1419-1434
Author(s):  
Nehafta Bibi ◽  
Yusheng Wei ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Jingnan Liang ◽  
Ijaz Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Behavioural Types ◽  
Fitness Consequence ◽  
Feeding Context

Abstract Despite the growing interest in consistent individual differences in behaviour (animal personality), the influence of social context on different behavioural types remains poorly understood. The suite of correlated behaviours within and across contexts is called behavioural syndromes. Most personality studies have investigated consistent individual behavioural types and their consequences in a asocial context, however few studies have considered the influence of social context on individual behaviour. In addition, the evolutionary and ecological consequences of personality differences in social context remain unknown. In the present study, we confirm individual personality in Great tits (Parus major) using room exploration and neophobia tests. As a result of these two tests, repeatability and correlational structure of two personality traits were investigated. Additionally we assessed the extent to which personality influences dominance in a social feeding context. Great tits remained consistent in their personality traits (exploration and neophobia). Individuals who explored a novel environment faster also approached a novel object faster, while those who spent more time exploring a novel environment were also slower to approach a novel object. In a social feeding context personality was linked to dominance: with proactive individuals being more likely to be dominant. Our result provides evidence of the importance of social context in a wild population of birds and may have fitness consequence, both for focal individuals and their conspecifics.

Withholding Knowledge in Teams: An Interactionist Perspective of Personality, Justice, and Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pan ◽  
Qingpu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Overall Justice ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Software Development Teams

From an interactionist perspective and drawing on trait activation theory, we examined the main and interactive effects of personality, overall justice, and job autonomy on knowledge withholding in a team context. Participants comprised 214 employees from software development teams. Results showed that employees with high conscientiousness and low neuroticism were less likely to withhold knowledge. Contrary to our expectations, job autonomy was positively related to knowledge withholding. Further, the negative relationship between conscientiousness and knowledge withholding was stronger in a high overall justice situation, whereas the positive relationship between neuroticism and knowledge withholding was stronger in situations of low overall justice and high job autonomy. Our findings highlight the differences between knowledge withholding and knowledge sharing, and show that high overall justice can compensate for less desirable personality characteristics, such as neuroticism and unconscientiousness.

Training in Nonviolent Resistance for Foster Parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Van Holen ◽  
Johan Vanderfaeillie ◽  
Haim Omer ◽  
Femke Vanschoonlandt
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Externalizing Problem

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate a training in non-violent resistance (NVR) for foster parents who take care of a foster child (ages 6-18) with externalizing problem behavior. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used to compare an intervention group (NVR, n = 31) with a treatment as usual control group (TAU, n = 31). The NVR-intervention consists of ten weekly home sessions. Measures regarding behavioral problems in foster children, parenting stress and parenting practices in foster mothers, and the size of the supportive network were assessed before, after treatment, and at three months follow-up. Results: NVR showed to be an acceptable approach that lead to an increase in experienced support and some promising changes in parenting stress and parenting practices. Conclusion: Implementation of this intervention might increase the effectiveness of foster care. More longitudinal research using a Multitrait-multimethod-approach is however needed.

Differences in personality characteristics between body‐modified and non‐modified individuals: associations with individual personality traits and their possible evolutionary implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Piercing ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Modifications

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Are the Physical Activity Parenting Practices Reported by US and Canadian Parents Captured in Currently Published Instruments?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Teresia M. O’Connor ◽  
Andrew W. Tu ◽  
Allison W. Watts ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Stratified Sample

Background:The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity parenting practices (PAPPs) parents report using with the PAPPs incorporated in the published literature.Methods:PAPPs in the literature were identified by reviewing the content of 74 published PAPP measures obtained from current systematic reviews supplemented with a literature search. The types of PAPPs used by parents were identified by surveying a stratified sample of 134 Canadian and US parents of 5- to 12 year-old children. Items from the literature and parent responses were coded using the same coding scheme. Differences between the PAPPs emphasized by the parents and the literature were examined.Results:Parents significantly emphasized different issues than what is measured in the literature (P < .001). Parents emphasized more control (13.6% vs. 6.9%), modeling and teaching (13.2% vs. 9.2%), and structural strategies (32.2% vs. 28.6%) and less autonomy support (11.8% vs. 14.0%), logistical support (9.9% vs. 12.8%), and responsiveness strategies (19.3% vs. 28.5%).Conclusions:Physical activity practices most often employed by parents are not the ones emphasized in current measures. The extent to which putting more emphasis on the areas identified by parents will increase the predictive validity of the measures warrants further examination.

Correlations between Personality Structure and Adrenocortical Excretion Patterns in MZ Twins

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
H. M. Fox ◽  
S. Gifford ◽  
A. F. Valenstein ◽  
B. J. Murawski
Keyword(s):  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Emotional Intimacy ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Mz Twins

Twenty-one pairs of healthy MZ twins, all males 18-21 years of age, have been studied for possible correlations between individual personality characteristics and relatively constant patterns of pituitary-adrenocortical functioning. Subjects were studied by means of psychiatric interviews, Rorschach and other psychological tests, and 35 24-hour urine collections for 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17OHCS) and 17-ketosteroid (17KS) determinations.Our previous observations have been reported, both on these healthy male volunteers (Fox et al, 1961 and 1965) and on various clinical syndromes (Rizzo et al, 1954; Fox et al, 1958; Gifford and Gunderson, 1970). Our cumulative clinical impressions suggested that high levels of 17OHCS excretion are found in individuals with an intense need for close personal relationships, or with an equally intense need to defend themselves against emotional involvement, by active forms of avoidance and denial. Low 17OHCS levels were found in individuals who were more effectively defended against emotional intimacy by well-organized neurotic defenses, with some isolation, constriction of affect or less conscious awareness of conflict.In studying twins, however, an unusual pattern of high 17KS and low 17OHCS compelled us to pay more attention to the significance of 17KS levels. High 17KS excretion patterns were found in energetic, ambitious individuals, with strong aggressive drives or equally strong defenses against them. Individuals with low 17KS levels were overcon trolled, with limited drive-endowment and widespread inhibitions of impulse and action.

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