Openness versus intellect: A lexical left turn

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Trapnell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Much Ado About Nothing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lexical Data

In a recent article, Saucier (1992) disputed McCrae's (1990) view that lexically defined Intellect differs in fundamental ways from questionnaire‐defined Openness to Experience, and that these differences are due to lexical underrepresentation of some openness facets. A re‐analysis of Saucier's (1992) lexical data and questionnaire ‘Factor V’ from three samples are presented, which calls into question Saucier's conclusion that the Openness‐against‐Intellect debate may be ‘much ado about nothing’. Two facets of incommensurability are identified between Intellect and Openness variants of Factor V: competency and liberalism.

scholarly journals Openness to Experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

The fifth factor in lexical studies of trait adjectives is commonly interpreted as Intellect, whereas the corresponding factor derived from questionnaire studies is typically identified as Openness to Experience. Intellect as a construct is problematic because it erroneously suggests an equivalence of Factor V with intelligence, describes aspects of Factor III (Conscientiousness) as well as of Factor V, and fails to suggest the diverse psychological correlates that Factor V is known to have. By contrast, Openness to Experience is a broader construct that implies both receptivity to many varieties of experience and a fluid and permeable structure of consciousness. Data from analyses of adjectives, established personality questionnaires, and Hartmann's (1991) new Boundary Questionnaire support these interpretations. The construct of Openness can be transported across geographical and cultural boundaries to function as a universal dimension of personality structure.

Openness versus intellect: Much ado about nothing?

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
English Language ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Much Ado About Nothing ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Questionnaire Version ◽  
Fundamental Dimension

McCrae (1990) has argued that Openness to Experience is a fundamental dimension of personality that is not well represented among English‐language trait adjectives. Presumably, then, studies of personality adjectives will inevitably fail to capture at least one fundamental personality dimension. I argue that the language does contain many adjectives referring to Openness, and that recent studies of the language of personality reveal a large factor clearly related to both Openness and Intellect. These studies support both the Openness construct and the questionnaire version of the five basic factors. Lexical and questionnaire methods appear to converge on a single structural framework for basic personality traits.

scholarly journals Predicting Deconversion: Concurrent and Cross-time Correlations in Three Samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Streib ◽  
Zhuo Job Chen
Keyword(s):  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
Self Acceptance

This chapter presents results about one of the questions that our research has focused from the beginning: religious change and deconversion. While in the Deconversion Study (2001-2005) we could use only cross-sectional data to estimate characteristics of deconverts in the U.S.A. and Germany, the analyses reported in this chapter are based on repeated surveys in three waves that allow the identification of concurrent and cross-time correlations—thus, open perspectives on the prediction of deconversion. Results indicate that, with difference between the three waves however, deconversion concurrently may correlate positively with openness to experience and negatively with consciousness, it may correlate also with mysticism and show concurrent correlations with truth of texts and teachings and self-rated religiosity. Cross-time correlations indicated as (negative) predictors of deconversion: self-rated religiosity, extraversion, agreeableness, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, interpretive mysticism, and truth of texts and teachings. We conclude that low scores on variables for religiosity and religious cognition, but also personality and well-being variable that call for emotional compensation are predictors of deconversion.

Routine Factor V Leiden Testing Discouraged

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
JANE SALODOF MACNEIL
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V

Thrombophilia and risk of VTE recurrence according to the age at the time of first VTE manifestation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Weingarz ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Jan Schwonberg ◽  
Carola Hecking ◽  
Zsuzsanna Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
G20210a Mutation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Whether screening for thrombophilia is useful for patients after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a controversial issue. However, the impact of thrombophilia on the risk of recurrence may vary depending on the patient’s age at the time of the first VTE. Patients and methods: Of 1221 VTE patients (42 % males) registered in the MAISTHRO (MAin-ISar-THROmbosis) registry, 261 experienced VTE recurrence during a 5-year follow-up after the discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. Results: Thrombophilia was more common among patients with VTE recurrence than those without (58.6 % vs. 50.3 %; p = 0.017). Stratifying patients by the age at the time of their initial VTE, Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, sex and the presence or absence of established risk factors revealed a heterozygous prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65; 95 %-confidence interval (CI) 1.71 - 4.12; p < 0.001), homozygosity/double heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden and/or PT mutation (HR 2.35; 95 %-CI 1.09 - 5.07, p = 0.030), and an antithrombin deficiency (HR 2.12; 95 %-CI 1.12 - 4.10; p = 0.021) to predict recurrent VTE in patients aged 40 years or older, whereas lupus anticoagulants (HR 3.05; 95%-CI 1.40 - 6.66; p = 0.005) increased the risk of recurrence in younger patients. Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of recurrence for a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation only in young females without hormonal treatment whereas the predictive value of a heterozygous PT mutation was restricted to males over the age of 40 years. Conclusions: Our data do not support a preference of younger patients for thrombophilia testing after a first venous thromboembolic event.

An Adapted Measure of Teacher Self-Efficacy for Preservice Teachers: Exploring its Validity Across two Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pfitzner-Eden ◽  
Felicitas Thiel ◽  
Jenny Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Teacher Self Efficacy ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Metric Measurement

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is an important construct in the prediction of positive student and teacher outcomes. However, problems with its measurement have persisted, often through confounding TSE with other constructs. This research introduces an adapted TSE instrument for preservice teachers, which is closely aligned with self-efficacy experts' recommendations for measuring self-efficacy, and based on a widely used measure of TSE. We provide first evidence of construct validity for this instrument. Participants were 851 preservice teachers in three samples from Germany and New Zealand. Results of the multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses showed a uniform 3-factor solution for all samples, metric measurement invariance, and a consistent and moderate correlation between TSE and a measure of general self-efficacy across all samples. Despite limitations to this study, there is some first evidence that this measure allows for a valid 3-dimensional assessment of TSE in preservice teachers.

Perceived Mutual Understanding (PMU)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Burtscher ◽  
Jeannette Oostlander
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Team cognition plays an important role in predicting team processes and outcomes. Thus far, research has focused on structured cognition while paying little attention to perceptual cognition. The lack of research on perceptual team cognition can be attributed to the absence of an appropriate measure. To address this gap, we introduce the construct of perceived mutual understanding (PMU) as a type of perceptual team cognition and describe the development of a respective measure – the PMU-scale. Based on three samples from different team settings ( NTotal = 566), our findings show that the scale has good psychometric properties – both at the individual as well as at the team-level. Item parameters were improved during a multistage process. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses indicate that PMU is a one-dimensional construct. The scale demonstrates sufficient internal reliability. Correlational analyses provide initial proof of construct validity. Finally, common indicators for inter-rater reliability and inter-rater agreement suggest that treating PMU as a team-level construct is justified. The PMU-scale represents a convenient and versatile measure that will potentially foster empirical research on perceptual team cognition and thereby contribute to the advancement of team cognition research in general.

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document