Multiple uses for longitudinal personality data

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
The Stability

Most longitudinal studies are designed to serve fairly narrow purposes, such as the prediction of life outcomes from theoretically relevant antecedent variables, or the documentation of age‐related changes in the level of personality or cognitive variables. However, the accumulation of data on a single group of people observed over a period of many years permits a variety of other types of analyses. Creative use of a longitudinal archive can amply justify the costs of maintaining the sample and should encourage investigators to initiate more longitudinal projects. Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging are used to illustrate both traditional and alternative uses of personality data, including (a) development of nomological nets for the interpretation of personality measures, (b) evaluation of state effects in personality measurement, (c) validation of retrospective reports, and (d) heuristic exploratory analyses. Current knowledge on the stability of personality in adulthood, the correspondence of observer ratings and self‐reports, and the comprehensiveness of the five‐factor model can enhance the design of future longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Personality and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Personality and disturbed sleep are tied to medical morbidity in older adults. We examined associations of personality dimensions and facets from the five-factor model with reports of insomnia symptoms in 1,069 well-functioning older adults 60-97 (SD=8.64) years (51% women) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and insomnia symptoms measured by the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Adjusting for demographics and depressive symptoms, higher neuroticism (B=0.05, SE=-0.01, p<.001) and lower conscientiousness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with greater insomnia severity. Although openness, extraversion and agreeableness were not associated with insomnia, a facet of each was. Higher scores on the “positive emotions” facet of extraversion (B =-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) “ideas” facet of openness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) and altruism facet of agreeableness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with lower insomnia severity. Sleep disturbances may partially mediate personality’s influence on health. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Aging Interest Group.

scholarly journals Conducta de sexting en adolescentes: predictores de personalidad y consecuencias psicosociales en un año de seguimiento

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Alonso ◽  
Estrella Romero
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
One Year

La relación entre el sexting y la personalidad en los adolescentes ha sido escasamente investigada. Además, es notoria la escasez de estudios longitudinales que aborden los predictores y consecuencias del sexting. Este estudio analiza los datos de 624 adolescentes que fueron evaluados en dos ocasiones (T1 y T2) distanciadas por un período de un año, y a los que se administraron cuestionarios para medir el sexting, los rasgos de personalidad del modelo de cinco factores (MCF), y posibles consecuencias psicosociales del sexting (acoso/ciberacoso, bienestar emocional). Los resultados indican que mayor extraversión y menor amabilidad y responsabilidad (T1) se relacionan con sexting (T2). El estudio permite también identificar qué facetas específicas de personalidad (T1) se asocian con el sexting registrado en T2. Además, los análisis de regresión muestran que la extraversión predice aumentos en sexting entre T1 y T2. En cuanto a las consecuencias, una alta implicación en sexting T1 predice descensos en la victimización y en las emociones positivas experimentadas entre T1 y T2. Por tanto, este estudio muestra que la personalidad permite predecir los cambios en sexting a lo largo de la adolescencia; el sexting, a su vez, parece asociarse a consecuencias psicosociales relevantes en este período del desarrollo. The relationships between personality and sexting have been scarcely studied. In addition, the scarcity of longitudinal studies about predictors and consequences of sexting is notorious. This study analyzed the longitudinal data from 624 adolescents who were evaluated on two occasions (T1 and T2) separated by a period of one year, and to whom questionnaires were administered to measure sexting, the personality traits of the five factor model (FFM), as well as possible psychosocial consequences of sexting. The results indicate that high extraversion and low agreeableness and conscientiousness (T1) are related to sexting (T2). In addition, the study also allows us to identify which specific facets of personality (T1) are associated with sexting registered in T2. On the other hand, regression analyses indicate that extraversion predicts increases in sexting between T1 and T2. As for the outcomes of sexting, a high involvement in sexting T1 predicts decreases in victimization and in the positive emotions experienced between T1 and T2. Therefore, this study shows that personality allows for prediction of changes in sexting throughout adolescence; sexting, in turn, seems to be associated with relevant psychosocial consequences in this developmental period.

Graphical analyses of personality disorders in five‐factor model space

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Correlation Statistics

Current knowledge of the associations between personality disorders (PDs) and the five‐factor model (FFM) is based largely on the results of linear correlation statistics. Yet we do not know whether FFM–PD associations are indeed linear, and correlational statistics are not directly informative regarding the FFM deviations of individuals with PDs. In this study, graphical analyses of FFM–PD associations for a large, clinical and nonclinical combined sample revealed a diversity of linear and nonlinear FFM patterns, at both the domain and facet levels, for most PDs. However, the FFM deviations from normative levels were only moderate. The discussion focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the FFM approach to PDs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neurobiological Functioning and the Personality Trait Hierarchy: Central Serotonergic Responsivity and the Stability Meta-trait

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Kasey Creswell ◽  
Janine Flory ◽  
Matthew Muldoon ◽  
Stephen N. Manuck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
The Stability

Trait domains of the five-factor model (FFM) are not orthogonal, and two meta-traits have often been estimated from their covariation. Here we focus on the Stability meta-trait, which reflects shared variance in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism (inversely). It has been hypothesized that Stability manifests, in part, due to individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. We explore this possibility in a community sample (N=441) using a multiverse analysis of multi-informant FFM traits and Stability predicting individual differences in central serotonergic functioning, as assessed by change in serum prolactin concentration following intravenous infusion of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. Results were mixed, showing that trait neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the Stability meta-trait, are significantly associated with prolactin response, but that these findings are contingent on a number of modeling decisions. Specifically, these effects were non-linear, emerging most strongly for those highest (lowest for neuroticism) on the component traits.

The replicability and utility of three personality types

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S73-S87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Jeffrey H. Herbst ◽  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Jack Samuels ◽  
Daniel J. Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Risk Reduction Intervention ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

Personality types are construed as constellations of features that uniquely define discrete groups of individuals. Types are conceptually convenient because they summarize many traits in a single label, but until recently most researchers agreed that there was little evidence for the existence of discrete personality types. Several groups of researchers have now proposed replicable, empirical person clusters based on measures of the Five‐Factor Model. We consider several methodological artifacts that might be responsible for these types, and conclude that these artifacts may contribute to the replicability of types, but cannot entirely account for it. The present research attempts to replicate these types in four large and diverse adult samples: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 1856); the East Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (N = 486); the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study (N = 2420); and an HIV risk reduction intervention study (N = 274). A clear replication (kappa = 0.60) of the proposed types was found in only one sample by one standard of comparison. The failure of the three personality types to replicate in three of the four samples leads to the conclusion that they are not robust empirical entities. Type membership predicted psychosocial functioning and ego resiliency and control, but only because it summarized trait standing; dimensional trait measures were consistently better predictors. Nevertheless, while the types do not refer to distinct, homogeneous classes of persons, they do have utility as convenient labels summarizing combinations of traits that relate to important outcomes. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Five-Factor Model of Personality and Generalized Self Efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Urszula Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the Big Five personality traits and generalized self-efficacy. Data for the meta-analysis were collected from 53 studies, which included 60 independent samples, 188 effect sizes, and 28,704 participants. Lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with greater generalized self-efficacy. Personality traits and generalized self-efficacy measurements, as well as age, moderated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and generalized self-efficacy. The study extends current knowledge on the associations between personality traits and generalized self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Personality change associated with chronic diseases: pooled analysis of four prospective cohort studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jokela ◽  
C. Hakulinen ◽  
A. Singh-Manoux ◽  
M. Kivimäki
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Age Related

BackgroundCommon chronic conditions, such as heart disease and cancer, are associated with increased psychological distress, functional limitations and shortened life expectancy, but whether these diseases alter aspects of personality remains unclear.MethodTo examine whether the onset of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, arthritis and respiratory disease is associated with subsequent changes in personality traits of the five-factor model, we pooled data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Midlife in the United States Survey, and the graduate and sibling samples of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study for an individual-participant meta-analysis (total n = 17 493; mean age at baseline 55.8 years).ResultsAfter adjustment for age, we observed consistent decreases in extraversion [−0.25 T-scores per one disease; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.40 to −0.10], emotional stability (−0.40, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.19), conscientiousness (−0.44, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.30) and openness to experience (−0.25, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.13) but not in agreeableness (−0.05, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.08) after the onset of chronic diseases. The onset of each additional chronic disease accelerated the average age-related personality change by 2.5 years in decreasing extraversion, 5.5 years in decreasing conscientiousness, and 1.6 years in decreasing openness to experience, and attenuated the increasing levels of emotional stability by 1.9 years. Co-morbid conditions were associated with larger changes than single diseases, suggesting a dose–response association between morbidity and personality change.ConclusionsThese results support the hypothesis that chronic diseases influence personality development in adulthood.

Self- and Observer Ratings on the NEO-FFI in Couples: Initial Evidence of the Psychometric Properties of an Observer Form

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Foltz ◽  
Jennifer Q. Morse ◽  
Naomi Calvo ◽  
Jacques P. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽  
Definition Of

The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Observer form of the five-factor model of personality by examining agreement between self- and observer ratings. Both partners of 49 young, adult couples rated themselves and their partners on the NEO-FFI. The results provide preliminary evidence of the measurement utility of the NEO-FFI Observer form. Specifically, (a) each personality scale possessed acceptable levels of internal reliability, (b) five factors consistent with the five-factor model of personality emerged in both ratings forms, and (c) there was significant self-observer agreement for all five personality scales. Self-observer agreement was assessed by correlations as well as analyses that test a more stringent definition of agreement. Overall, there is consensus across analyses that points to a substantial amount of concordance between partners' self- and observer ratings.

Animal Personality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Weiss ◽  
Marieke Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Personality Facets

Animal personality has been studied for decades, and a recent renaissance in the field has revealed links to health and life outcomes that echo those found in humans. Some of this research is tied to the Five Factor Model—the predominant model of human personality—which informs animal personality research as well, and allows for comparative work that points to evolutionary pathways that delineate phylogenetic continuity. From personality facets and traits to factors, this work has implications for human and nonhuman animal genetics, life history strategies, survival, and well-being, as well as development and social relationships. Working together, scientists from a variety of fields who study personality can hope to puzzle out causality, use personality as a tool for health, and simply define personality, across species, and therefore evolutionary time.

The five factor model of personality and sense of coherence: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531988459
Author(s):  
Urszula Barańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Moderating Effects

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the big five personality traits and sense of coherence. Data for the meta-analysis were collected from 19 studies which included 24 independent samples, 133 effect sizes, and 19,960 participants. Lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with total sense of coherence as well as comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness, and reflection dimensions. Personality traits were not linked to balance. There were no moderating effects on these relationships. The study extends current knowledge on the associations between personality traits and sense of coherence.

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