scholarly journals Sometimes Hot, Sometimes Not: The Relations between Selected Situational Vocational Interests and Situation Perception

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Roemer ◽  
Kai T. Horstmann ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Related Personality

Vocational interests are traditionally conceived as stable preferences for different activities. However, recent theorizing suggests their intraindividual variability. This preregistered experience sampling study examined intraindividual variation in selected vocational interests states and related situation and person factors ( N = 237). Results indicate that the three interest dimensions Investigative, Artistic, and Social interests did vary intraindividually but less so than other phenomena's dimensions (e.g., personality and happiness). At the within–person level, the focused interest states were related to specific situation characteristics, also after controlling for related personality dimensions and happiness. These relations were either specified a priori, based on the concept of congruence or person–environment fit, and tested in a strictly confirmatory manner, or identified using a more exploratory approach. Furthermore, aggregated states of the three selected interest dimensions mainly varied below their corresponding trait levels. This suggests that interest trait levels could represent an upper limit for aggregated interest states that could be due to method–related or construct–related reasons. The results demonstrate the situational character of interests and provide novel approaches for studying vocational interest in daily life. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Sex Differences in Variability in Vocational Interests: Evidence from Two Large Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Physical Attributes

Greater male variability has been established in cognitive abilities and physical attributes. This study investigated sex differences in variability in vocational interests with two large samples (N > 40 000 and N > 70 000). The results show that although men varied more in Realistic and Enterprising interests, women varied more in Artistic and Conventional interests. These differences in variability had considerable influence on the female–male tail ratios in vocational interests that have been found to contribute to reported gender disparities in certain fields of work and academic disciplines. Moreover, differences in means and variability interacted non–linearly in shaping tail–ratio imbalances. An age–specific analysis additionally revealed that differences in variability diminished with age: Older samples showed smaller differences in variance in Realistic, Artistic, and Social interests than younger samples. Thus, I found no evidence that greater male variability applies for vocational interests in general. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

What’s your problem? And how might we deepen it?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Art Making ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Case Basis

Literary studies need not always incorporate evolution but should always be at least compatible with the most powerful theory for explaining life. Evolution can open up new questions (like: why are we art-making, storytelling, versifying animals?), suggest new principles (like: always take into consideration the costs and benefits of creating or engaging in literary works), and offer new explanations of the life art represents and the effects it elicits (in sociality or emotion, say). These insights need not be restricted to human universals – evolutionary anthropology and evolutionary personality psychology investigate societal and individual differences – and can help explain at multiple levels, the global, the local, the individual, the work or the detail. Evolutionary considerations should not be required a priori but incorporated on a case-by-case basis, where they can almost always add explanatory depth.

scholarly journals Vocational interests and professional choice self-efficacy of adolescents and youngsters

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camélia Santina MURGO ◽  
Leonardo de Oliveira BARROS ◽  
Bárbara Cristina Soares SENA
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
The Self ◽  
General Level ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Social Type ◽  
Type Of School

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the relationships between self-efficacy beliefs and professional interests of 613 adolescents and young people from the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, aged 15-19 years (M = 16.65; SD = 0.75) of which 350 were female, coming from public (84%) and private (15.8%) schools. The instruments used were the Self-Directed Search Career Explorer and the Self-Efficacy Scale for Professional Choice. Women had higher mean in the Social type and men in the Realistic, Entrepreneurial and Conventional types. In self-efficacy for professional choice, students from private schools revealed higher mean than students from public schools. The general level of self-efficacy was explained by investigative, artistic, social interests and type of school. The results also indicate the importance of analyzing the differences found in gender interests. In addition, the study can contribute to the work of counselors regarding the insertion of discussions that help adolescents to understand the influences of interests and self-efficacy in the construction of professional projects, besides bringing more systematic data on the articulation between such constructs.

scholarly journals Offset Policy in the Process of Technology Transfer: An Analysis in the Context of Brazilian Public Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myller Gomes ◽  
João Kovaleski ◽  
Regina Pagani ◽  
Gilberto Zammar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The State ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
Two Stages

This research aimed, within the scope of the anthropotechnological approach, analyze the technology transfer, performed via the offset policy in the field of public health, called the Radiotherapy Expansion Plan, from the Health Ministry. The objective of this policy is to create and improve accredited organizations, concerning the oncological treatment, specifically in the insertion of radiotherapeutic equipment. This process is divided into two stages: the insertion of the radiotherapy equipment, and the compensations provided for in the commercial agreement. To meet this purpose, the research started from understanding the theoretical and methodological approaches of the fields of study of anthropotechnology, technology transfer and offset policy. In this sense, there was used the methodological strategy of the case study, supported by applied research, with a qualitative and exploratory approach. External and internal environments of a specific situation were analyzed, located in the State of Paraná, which received the radiotherapy equipment. It was verified that the initiatives of insertion of radiotherapeutic equipment in the context of the Expansion Plan have undergone numerous confrontations, inserted in the contextual and organizational particularities that affect its development and effectiveness. There are challenges that require responses from a set of organizations involved, in order to implement the trade agreement established by the offset policy, highlighting the first stage as a process of technology transfer. Thus, the situation located in the State of Paraná consistently consolidated the insertion of the radiotherapy equipment. It allowed its disclosure as a reference situation, and based on the dimensions and indicators analysis provided by anthropotechnology, made possible the comprehensionof the technology transfer involved in the process.

scholarly journals Clinical and blood bank factors in the management of platelet refractoriness and alloimmunization

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 3428-3434 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Friedberg ◽  
SF Donnelly ◽  
JC Boyd ◽  
LS Gray ◽  
PD Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross Match

Abstract Numerous independent and interdependent factors are involved in the posttransfusion platelet response. Factors such as ABO match and platelet age are related to circumstances potentially under the control of the blood bank physician and therefore may permit circumvention by an active transfusion service. On the other hand, factors such as fever or sepsis may be unavoidable, being related more to the individual patient or clinical condition. To evaluate which factors could be circumvented, we prospectively followed the 1-hour corrected count increments (CCIs) for 962 single-donor apheresis platelet transfusions to 71 refractory hematologic oncology inpatients, with concomitant recording of implicated factors. Stepwise regression analysis allowed for determination of which concurrent and confounding clinical-, patient-, and blood bank-related factors significantly affected the CCIs. Although many implicated factors proved to be independently associated with an increased or decreased CCI, we found that no single variable consistently explained the CCI variation across the patient population. Each patient appeared sensitive to one or a few particular factors, but because of marked intraindividual variation, it was not possible to identify a priori which factors were important for a given patient. The single exception was a solid-phase red blood cell adherence assay used to cross-match platelets, but only for alloimmunized patients. We also evaluated the utility of requesting HLA- matched platelets from the local suppliers and maintained a clear distinction between platelets simply ordered as HLA matched and actually HLA-identical platelets. Accounting for the confounding clinical-, patient-, and blood bank-related factors, the cross-match assay was a better predictor of an adequate CCI than ordering platelets as HLA matched.

scholarly journals P2V-MAP: Mapping Market Structures for Large Retail Assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gabel ◽  
Daniel Guhl ◽  
Daniel Klapper
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Network Language ◽  
Product Map

The authors propose a new, exploratory approach for analyzing market structures that leverages two recent methodological advances in natural language processing and machine learning. They customize a neural network language model to derive latent product attributes by analyzing the co-occurrences of products in shopping baskets. Applying dimensionality reduction to the latent attributes yields a two-dimensional product map. This method is well-suited to retailers because it relies on data that are readily available from their checkout systems and facilitates their analyses of cross-category product complementarity, in addition to within-category substitution. The approach has high usability because it is automated, is scalable and does not require a priori assumptions. Its results are easy to interpret and update as new market basket data are collected. The authors validate their approach both by conducting an extensive simulation study and by comparing their results with those of state-of-the-art, econometric methods for modeling product relationships. The application of this approach using data collected at a leading German grocery retailer underlines its usefulness and provides novel findings that are relevant to assortment-related decisions.

On Enhancing the Cross–Cultural Comparability of Likert–Scale Personality and Value Measures: A Comparison of Common Procedures

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia He ◽  
Fons J.R. Van de Vijver ◽  
Velichko H. Fetvadjiev ◽  
Alejandra de Carmen Dominguez Espinosa ◽  
Byron Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Ordered Categories ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Anchoring Vignettes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Using Data

This study aims to evaluate a number of procedures that have been proposed to enhance cross–cultural comparability of personality and value data. A priori procedures (anchoring vignettes and direct measures of response styles (i.e. acquiescence, extremity, midpoint responding, and social desirability), a posteriori procedures focusing on data transformations prior to analysis (ipsatization and item parcelling), and two data modelling procedures (treating data as continuous vs as ordered categories) were compared using data collected from university students in 16 countries. We found that (i) anchoring vignettes showed lack of invariance, so they were not bias–free; (ii) anchoring vignettes showed higher internal consistencies than raw scores where all other correction procedures, notably ipsatization, showed lower internal consistencies; (iii) in measurement invariance testing, no procedure yielded scalar invariance; anchoring vignettes and item parcelling slightly improved comparability, response style correction did not affect it, and ipsatization resulted in lower comparability; (iv) treating Likert–scale data as categorical resulted in higher levels of comparability; (v) factor scores of scales extracted from different procedures showed similar correlational patterning; and (vi) response style correction was the only procedure that suggested improvement in external validity of country–level conscientiousness. We conclude that, although no procedure resolves all comparability issues, anchoring vignettes, parcelling, and treating data as ordered categories seem promising to alleviate incomparability. We advise caution in uncritically applying any of these procedures. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals INDIVIDUALITY AND SOCIAL INTERESTS IN AHMAD FUADI'S 'ANAK RANTAU' (AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wildana Wargadinata ◽  
Arina Haque ◽  
Iffat Maimunah ◽  
Apri Wardana Ritonga
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The Village

This study aims to know and analyze the theory of individuality and social interest based on Alfred Adler's perspective on the main character in the novel Anak Rantau written by Ahmad Fuadi. The approach in question is related to the personality psychology of the main character, which is known from the storyline. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative based on literature review. The result of this research is that the main character in the novel reflects the theoretical principles in their attitudes, behavior, decisions, and speech acts. The individuality of the main character can be seen from the awareness of his past attitudes, his characteristics that are not easily afraid, and his efforts to compensate for his inferiority. Meanwhile, the social interests of the main character develop in line with the long process in the village community.

Reflections on leadership preparation programs and social justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhak Berkovich
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Program Design ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Leadership Preparation ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Educational Leadership Preparation Programs

Purpose Fundamental aspects of educational leadership preparation programs regarding social justice are embodied in program design elements, yet the scholarly community did not adequately address these issues. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The essay suggests that organizational theories dealing with person-environment fit can shed light on the models, possibilities, and limitations of various preparation programs. Findings The essay proposes a meta-conceptual framework that builds on Schneider’s attraction-selection-attrition theory and on the socialization literature to classify leadership preparation programs by design. In addition, the paper reflects on the implications of program design in relation to the power and the responsibility of the faculty. Originality/value The essay argues that design decisions made by the faculty a priori enable and constrain its power and responsibility. The conclusion is that design decisions should be made by faculty with awareness of these issues.

Prediction Consistency: A Test of the Equivalence Assumption across Different Indicators of the Same Construct

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Ingo Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Behavioral Criterion ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors ◽  
Equivalence Assumption

Prominent theoretical constructs such as the Big Five personality factors often inspire the development and use of different inventories. This practice rests on the vital assumption that different indicators equivalently assess the same construct—otherwise, it would often be inappropriate to draw conclusions on the construct level. In comparison to the evidence typically relied on to support this equivalence assumption, we argue that a direct test of prediction consistency will provide further insights: prediction consistency is a necessary condition for the equivalence assumption that indicators from different inventories predict an external criterion to the same extent. Here, we outline guidelines how to design studies to establish prediction consistency and illustrate this approach in an experiment testing the prediction consistency of the Agreeableness indicators from three prominent Big Five inventories. Specifically, we considered prediction consistency with respect to honesty (vs. cheating) as the behavioral criterion for which a specific a priori hypothesis can be derived on theoretical grounds. Results contradicted predictions consistency and thus the equivalence assumption by showing qualitatively different relations to behavioral honesty, thereby also emphasizing that the interchangeability of inventories should generally be subjected to a strict test, rather than assumed. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

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