scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioural Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Role of Personality

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damaris Aschwanden ◽  
Jason E. Strickhouser ◽  
Amanda A. Sesker ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
European Association ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Usa

This study examined the associations between personality traits and psychological and behavioural responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic. Personality was assessed in January/February 2020 when the public was not aware of the spread of coronavirus in the USA. Participants were reassessed in late March 2020 with four sets of questions about the pandemic: concerns, precautions, preparatory behaviours, and duration estimates. The sample consisted of N = 2066 participants (mean age = 51.42; range = 18–98; 48.5% women). Regression models were used to analyse the data with age, gender, education, race, and ethnicity as covariates. Consistent with the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was related to more concerns and longer duration estimates related to COVID–19, higher extraversion was related to shorter duration estimates, and higher conscientiousness was associated with more precautions. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, higher neuroticism was associated with fewer precautions and unrelated to preparatory behaviours. Age moderated several trait–response associations, suggesting that some of the responses were associated more strongly in older adults, a group at risk for complications of COVID–19. For example, older adults high in conscientiousness prepared more. The present findings provide insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviours related to the COVID–19 pandemic. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

The Federal Reserve and retail payments: a historical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Ashish Lall
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
Retail Payments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive historical review of the role of the Federal Reserve in retail payments in the USA. Design/methodology/approach It reviews the literature on the role of the Federal Reserve and assessments of its involvement. Findings In addition to its oversight and operational role, the Federal Reserve has conducted R&D and facilitated technology adoption. It has provided effective competition to the private sector without subsidies. Research limitations/implications The Federal Reserve has served the public interest and private networks have benefited from the “visible hand” of government. Practical implications Migration to electronic payments will likely change its role from an operator to setting standards for safety and security. Originality/value The historical review provides context against which the future strategy of the Federal Reserve may be assessed.

scholarly journals Dietary strategies for the management of cardiovascular risk: role of dietary carbohydrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Scientific Advisory Committee ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Carbohydrate-rich foods are an essential component of the diet, providing the glucose that is continuously required by the nervous system and some other cells and tissues in the body for normal function. There is some concern that too much carbohydrate or certain types of carbohydrate such as fructose or the high glycaemic index carbohydrate foods that produce large, rapid increases in blood glucose may be detrimental to health. This review considers these issues and also summarises the public health advice currently available in Europe and the USA concerning dietary carbohydrates. The UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition is currently reviewing carbohydrates and health, and the subsequent report should help clarify some of the concerns regarding carbohydrates and health.

Satisfaction with aging results in reduced risk for falling

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Retirement Study

ABSTRACTBackground:Falls are highly frequent in older adults and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to assess the role of satisfaction with one's aging process as a predictor of the risk for falling over a four-year period and to identify potential mediators of this relationship.Methods:The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a US nationally representative sample of individuals over the age of 50 years and their spouse of any age. The present study was based on the 2008–2012 waves of the HRS. Analyses were restricted to 4,121 respondents over the age of 50 years, who had fall data in 2008 and 2012 and were eligible to complete the satisfaction with aging measure as part of the 2008 psychosocial questionnaire.Results:Overall, 38.1% of the sample reported having fallen at least once between 2006 and 2008 and 40.7% reported having fallen at least once between 2010 and 2012. Higher levels of satisfaction with aging in 2008 were found to be protective against falls assessed in 2012 (OR[95%CI] = 0.88[0.79–0.98]) even after adjustment for age, gender, education, ethnicity, medical status, functional status, cognitive functioning, walking speed, balance, vision, depressive symptoms, physical activities, and past falls. Bootstrap procedures have shown that the effect of satisfaction with aging on falls is partially accounted for through its effect on functional decline.Conclusions:The findings point to the important role of satisfaction with aging as a potential protective mechanism against falls. The results call for the development of psychosocial interventions to reduce falls in older adults.

scholarly journals Public opinion on age stereotypes during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Gabriella Sandstig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
News Media ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Media

The news media can both mirror age stereotypes held by the public, as well as contribute to constructing or amplifying them. The first risk group identified in the pandemic was older adults. They are generally not so visible in the media, but during the pandemic, they were in focus. This study analyses to what extent the public agrees with age stereotypes during the COVID-19 pandemic and what characterizes the groups that hold them. Survey data from 04/14/20-06/28/20 on a national sample (6000) of the population of Sweden is used. The results, contrary to the expectation that stereotypes of older adults should dominate the public opinion, rather the stereotype of younger people not distancing themselves enough is the most common. However, the corresponding stereotype of older adults not doing the same is the second most common. In a non-crises situation, the most common stereotype of older adults is that they have poor cognitive abilities. However, this stereotype is rare during the pandemic. The characteristic of the group that agree with the stereotypes are that they are young rather than old. There are also differences by gender, education and residential area, but they vary depending on the specific age stereotype in question.

scholarly journals Modelos de Espaço Público em contraste: Imprensa e Modernidade Seletiva nas Províncias da Paraíba e Pernambuco (1870-1880)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Matheus Da Cruz e Zica ◽  
Patrícia Barros de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Opinion Maker ◽  
The Public Sphere

Este artigo procura elucidar o debate que se constituiu pela imprensa ao longo das décadas de 1870 e 1880 nas províncias brasileiras da Paraíba e de Pernambuco em torno do modelo francês de monarquia parlamentar que contrastava com o federalismo republicano dos EUA. Assumindo o lugar de formadora da opinião pública a imprensa procurou trazer destaque para a questão do Espaço Público na medida em que modos distintos de se lidar com ele estavam em jogo em cada um daqueles modelos políticos internacionais idealizados. Também foram mapeadas algumas relações que os jornais analisados indiciaram entre os debates sobre o Espaço Público e as retóricas de modernidade que os acompanhavam. Com frequência a questão da ciência e da técnica pareceu eclipsar a dimensão do conflito que é próprio do universo político e da esfera pública, unificando os olhares em torno de um deslumbramento com as benfeitorias materiais que o século prometia.Palavras chave: Espaço Público, Formação, Imprensa. AbstractThis article seeks to elucidate the debate that was constituted by the press throughout the 1870s and 1880s in the Brazilian provinces of Paraíba and Pernambuco around the French model of parliamentary monarchy that contrasted with the republicanism of the USA. Taking over the role of public opinion maker, the press sought to highlight the issue of the Public Space since that distinct ways of dealing with it was considered in each of those idealized international political models. This article also mapped some relations that the newspapers analyzed betrayed between the debates on the Public Space and the rhetoric of modernity that accompanied them. Often the question of science and technique seemed to eclipse the dimension of conflict that is proper to the political universe and the public sphere, unifying the glances around a dazzle with the material improvements that the century promised.Keywords: Public Space, Formation, Press.  ResumenEste artículo busca esclarecer el debate que se constituyó por la prensa a lo largo de las décadas de 1870 y 1880 en las provincias brasileñas de Paraíba y de Pernambuco en torno al modelo francés de monarquía parlamentaria que contrastaba con el federalismo republicano de EUA. Asumiendo el lugar de formadora de la opinión pública la prensa trató de destacar la cuestión del Espacio Público en la medida en que modos distintos de lidiar con él estaban en juego en cada uno de aquellos modelos políticos internacionales idealizados. También se han mapeado algunas relaciones que los periódicos analizados indiciaron entre los debates sobre el espacio público y las retóricas de modernidad que los acompañaban. Con frecuencia la cuestión de la ciencia y de la técnica parecía eclipsar la dimensión del conflicto que es propio del universo político y de la esfera pública, unificando las miradas en torno a un deslumbramiento con las mejoras materiales que el siglo prometía.Palabras clave: Espacio Público, Formación, Prensa.

scholarly journals Media framing of human trafficking

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Anđelija Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media

In recent decades, there has been notably increased engagement of the international community in combating human trafficking, which has also been contributed by the media. The role of the media is reflected in building certain public attitudes and influencing political decision-making. Based on the selected literature, the paper considers the media framing of human trafficking from the 1990s to the present. The media decides on how to approach trafficking, content and causes, information sources, generating and presenting alternative solutions process, as well as motivational procedures for initiating actions of the public and politicians, thus creating diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frames. Based on the research, it is concluded that media frames of human trafficking are not holistic but segmental, and instead of a comprehensive approach, stereotypes are presented in which trafficking is identified with sexual exploitation or considered as the consequence of migration or organized crime actions. This harms the victims, makes the identification of all perpetrators difficult, and narrows the focus of the suppression efforts. It is noted that in the relations between the media, the public and the authorities, in the process of creating a policy and implementing solutions for combating, there are significant influences of policy-makers on media framing, and thus on public attitudes, which provides support and legitimacy of current or future political decisions. In order to illustrate the diversity of media representation of human trafficking, as a COM-plex phenomenon and the possibility of different analyses of media framing, the main findings of several studies in the USA, EU, and Serbia are presented.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Bouts on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simone J.J.M. Verswijveren ◽  
Cormac Powell ◽  
Stephanie E. Chappel ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.

scholarly journals LOS MENTORES EN EL DESARROLLO PROFESIONAL DE LAS MUJERES. ESTADOS UNIDOS Y MÉXICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ramona Ortega-Liston ◽  
María Esther Moral Fajardo ◽  
Cecilia Cadena Inostroza
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Work Placement ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Las Mujeres

ResumenDificultades de las mujeres para acceder a educación y puestos de trabajo comprende no solo sexismo, sino raza e identidad étnica. Se examinan los casos en la inserción laboral de mujeres profesionales afroamericanas y árabes que viven en Estados Unidos y de mujeres mexicanas en su país. Se revisan dificultades en su educación y carrera profesional, las estrategias para superarlas, principalmente el papel de los mentores/tutores. La principal conclusión es el papel determinante de los tutores en la trayectoria educativa y profesional de las mujeres y las que han sido apoyadas por éstos generalmente se convierten en mentoras.Palabras clave: Mentores/tutores, trayectorias de mujeres, narrativa.English Title: Mentors in the Development of Professional Women. United States and MexicoAbstract: Impediments to women’s access to education and jobs include not only sexism, but race and ethnicity. This paper examines the work placement experiences of Afro-American and Arab professional women living in the USA, and of Mexican women in their own country. The educational and professional career struggles are reviewed; the strategies for success, and the role of mentors, are also examined. The conclusion is that the role of mentors is decisive in the career education of women, and that those women often become mentors in their turn.Key words: Mentors, women’s career, narrative.

scholarly journals Susceptibility/manifestations of different age groups with various comorbidities to COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin John ◽  
Freedom Ha ◽  
Mimi Zumwalt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a great toll on many families. From its rapid spread to debilitating outcomes, the virus has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems around the world. As researchers study this novel virus, the public continues to seek more information on who is the most susceptible and which population will be affected by the more severe manifestations of the disease. As a result, scientists have started analyzing the variable effects of COVID-19 infection in different age groups. While the information is still nascent, these studies demonstrate that no one is immune, that all are susceptible to infection by this virus, and that certain demographics of the general population have more severe disease than others. This literature review examines how COVID-19 has affected different age groups, from neonates to older adults, by exploring statistics, mechanisms, and possible risk factors. This article will also investigate the role of comorbidities in increasing the severity of this viral infection. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, age, neonates, pregnancy, older adults, mechanism, comorbidities, angiotensin converting enzyme 2

«LIGHTED» LONGFELLOW: THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT IN THE CHANGING STYLE

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Vadim Andreyev
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mental Picture ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The necessity of the study of different author’s conceptual sphere to obtain more profound knowledge of the issue how the mental picture of the world is realized in speech has become a generally accepted fact in linguistics. In this article the attention is focused on the role, its changes and specific features of the concept Light verbalization in metaphoric system of a famous American romantic poet H. Longfellow. Conclusions are made on the basis of the analysis of the database which includes lyrical poems in the collections published during the author’s life with the total of over 2000 verse lines. The research utilizes the method of analysis of metaphor as a two-member structure which realizes the transfer of features from the source domain (right element of metaphoric model) to the target domain (left element). Longfellow’s literary works are divided into three periods on the basis of biographical data. The first period embraces the beginning of the 1820-s when the young and yet unknown to the public poet published his early works. The second period lasts from 1826 till the beginning of the Civil War in the USA which became the crucial moment in the life and literature of the country. The final period encompasses the remaining part of the poet’s works. The carried out analysis has showed that being one of the most frequent and most productive concepts in the creation of metaphoric models, the concept Light is one of major units of Longfellow’s conceptual sphere. Thus, aesthetic evaluation of Longfellow’s verses as light, which is expressed by a number of critics, to a great extent reflects subconscious perception of the role of the concept Light in the poet’s mental model of the world. Besides, the analysis made it possible to establish a number of facts concerning Longfellow’s individual style which have not been known up to this moment. Longfellow began with the evaluation of light as one of the mysteries and then proceeded to the understanding of light as an intuitively clear phenomenon. This alteration did not affect permanently positive perception of light by the poet and the verbalization of the corresponding concept. From the point of view of lexical representation, the light in the texts by Longfellow possesses positive connotation, it is the source of strength, beauty and hope. Longfellow views Light as a primarily natural source of light. Verbalization of Light in metaphor is explicitly differentiates this concept from the concept Sound which is characterized by low frequency and negative connotation.

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