Objections to the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure—and why those Objections Fail

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Kibeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
European Association ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Hexaco Model

The six–dimensional HEXACO model of personality structure and its associated inventory have increasingly been used in personality research. But in spite of the evidence supporting this structure and demonstrating its advantages over five–dimensional models, some researchers continue to use and promote the latter. Although there has been little overt, organized argument against the adoption of the HEXACO model, we do hear sporadic offerings of reasons for retaining the five–dimensional systems, usually in informal conversations, in manuscript reviews, on social media platforms, and occasionally in published works. In this target article, we list all of the objections to the HEXACO model that we have heard of, and we then explain why each objection fails. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

Episode 3: Personality Structure and Change (Transcript)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emorie D Beck
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Psychology

This is a show on the science of how people are different from one another, where these differences come from, how they develop, and why they matter. The podcast's hosts are Lisanne de Moor, René Mõttus, and Rebekka Weidmann, three personality researchers. It is a collaboration of the European Journal of Personality and the European Association of Personality Psychology (EAPP), and sponsored by EAPP. www.personalitypsychologypodcast.com. In this episode, we hear a presentation by Emorie Beck on her research on nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality structure and change, couched in a historical perspective.

A Framework for Testing Causality in Personality Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Costantini ◽  
Marco Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
European Association ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Over Time

Causal explanations in personality require conceptual clarity about alternative causal conditions that could, even in principle, affect personality. These causal conditions crucially depend on the theoretical model of personality, each model constraining the possibility of planning and performing causal research in different ways. We discuss how some prominent models of personality allow for specific types of causal research and impede others. We then discuss causality from a network perspective, which sees personality as a phenomenon that emerges from a network of behaviours and environments over time. From a methodological perspective, we propose a three–step strategy to investigate causality: (1) identify a candidate target for manipulation (e.g. using network analysis), (2) identify and test a manipulation (e.g. using laboratory research), and (3) deliver the manipulation repeatedly for a congruous amount of time (e.g. using ecological momentary interventions) and evaluate its ability to generate trait change. We discuss how a part of these steps was implemented for trait conscientiousness and present a detailed plan for implementing the remaining steps. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Principles of Situation Research: Towards a Better Understanding of Psychological Situations

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman ◽  
David C. Funder
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Cumulative Knowledge ◽  
Situational Information

There is currently no consensus on how to study psychological situations, and situation research is still riddled with problems of conceptualization (what is a situation and what is it not?) and measurement (how can situational information be assessed?). This target article formulates three core principles (with corollaries) to provide a foundation for psychological situation research: the Processing, Reality and Circularity Principles. These principles build upon each other, ranging from basic to more complex issues (e.g. how to study situations in both objective and subjective terms). They are intended to guide and spur more coherent research programs that produce cumulative knowledge on psychological situations. We conclude with a plea for real–life, multi–method, multi–situation, multi–time, multi–group designs that can illuminate the interwoven dynamics between persons (with their personalities and behaviour) and situations. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Using Big Data and Machine Learning in Personality Measurement: Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-648
Author(s):  
Leo Alexander ◽  
Evan Mulfinger ◽  
Frederick L. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
European Association ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Personality Measurement ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conceptual Paper

This conceptual paper examines the promises and critical challenges posed by contemporary personality measurement using big data. More specifically, the paper provides (i) an introduction to the type of technologies that give rise to big data, (ii) an overview of how big data is used in personality research and how it might be used in the future, (iii) a framework for approaching big data in personality science, (iv) an exploration of ideas that connect psychometric reliability and validity, as well as principles of fairness and privacy, to measures of personality that use big data, (v) a discussion emphasizing the importance of collaboration with other disciplines for personality psychologists seeking to adopt big data methods, and finally, (vi) a list of practical considerations for researchers seeking to move forward with big data personality measurement and research. It is expected that this paper will provide insights, guidance, and inspiration that helps personality researchers navigate the challenges and opportunities posed by using big data methods in personality measurement. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baumert ◽  
Manfred Schmitt ◽  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Wendy Johnson ◽  
Gabriela Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Situational Affordances ◽  
Personality Process ◽  
Key Questions

In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviours, but not uncorrelated behaviours (what we term ‘correspondence’ throughout this paper), or whether more complex interactions of processes give rise to population–level patterns of covariation (termed ‘emergence’). The paper is organized in three parts, with part I providing the main arguments, part II reviewing some of the past approaches at (partial) integration, and part III outlining conclusions of how future personality psychology should progress towards complete integration. Working definitions for the central terms are provided in the appendix. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Towards More Rigorous Personality Trait–Outcome Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Outcome Research ◽  
European Association ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Trait Level

Much of personality research attempts to identify causal links between personality traits and various types of outcomes. I argue that causal interpretations require traits to be seen as existentially and holistically real and the associations to be independent of specific ways of operationalizing the traits. Among other things, this means that, to the extents that causality is to be ascribed to such holistic traits, items and facets of those traits should be similarly associated with specific outcomes, except for variability in the degrees to which they reflect the traits (i.e. factor loadings). I argue that, before drawing causal inferences about personality trait–outcome associations, the presence of this condition should be routinely tested by, for example, systematically comparing the outcome associations of individual items or facets, or sampling different indicators for measuring the same purported traits. Existing evidence suggests that observed associations between personality traits and outcomes at least sometimes depend on which particular items or facets have been included in trait operationalizations, calling trait–level causal interpretations into question. However, this has rarely been considered in the literature. I argue that when outcome associations are specific to facets, they should not be generalized to traits. Furthermore, when the associations are specific to particular items, they should not even be generalized to facets. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

Seeking a Common Framework for Research on Narcissism: An Attempt to Integrate the Different Faces of Narcissism within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Rogoza ◽  
Jan Cieciuch ◽  
Włodzimierz Strus ◽  
Tomasz Baran
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Structural Summary ◽  
Spectrum Model

The current paper presents a proposal for integrating different narcissism constructs (grandiose, vulnerable, communal, and collective) within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), an integrative model of personality structure that could also be used to accommodate the narcissism spectrum model. The study was conducted on a community sample ( N = 781 adults). The theoretically predicted locations of the different narcissism constructs within the CPM space were empirically verified using the structural summary method. We found that grandiose, vulnerable, and communal narcissism can be meaningfully located within the CPM, while the status of collective narcissism remains unclear. Thus, the CPM can serve as a personality matrix explaining the differences and similarities between the various faces of narcissism. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

Personality and Integrative Negotiations: A Hexaco Investigation of Actor, Partner, and Actor–Partner Interaction Effects on Objective and Subjective Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Amistad ◽  
Patrick D. Dunlop ◽  
Ryan Ng ◽  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Ray Fells
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Integrative Negotiation ◽  
Partner Interaction ◽  
Dyadic Negotiation ◽  
Hexaco Model ◽  
Subjective Outcomes

The present study sought to expand the literature on the relations of major dimensions of personality with integrative negotiation outcomes by introducing the HEXACO model, investigating both effects of the negotiators’ and their counterparts’ personality traits on objective and subjective negotiation outcomes, and investigating two interactions between the negotiators’ and counterparts’ personalities. One hundred forty–eight participants completed the HEXACO–100 measure of personality. Participants then engaged in a dyadic negotiation task that contained a mix of distributive and integrative elements (74 dyads). Measures of subjective experience and objective economic value were obtained, and actor–partner interdependence models were estimated. Personality was generally a better predictor of subjective experience than objective economic value. In particular, partner honesty–humility, extraversion, and openness predicted more positive negotiation experiences. An actor–partner interaction effect was found for actor–agreeableness by partner–honesty–humility on economic outcomes; agreeable actors achieved worse (better) economic outcomes when negotiating with partners that were low (high) on honesty–humility. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

In Person, Online, and up Close: The Cross–contextual Consistency of Expressive Accuracy

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Human ◽  
Katherine H. Rogers ◽  
Jeremy C. Biesanz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
European Association ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Context Specific

People vary widely in their expressive accuracy, the tendency to be viewed in line with one's unique traits. It is unclear, however, whether expressive accuracy is a stable individual difference that transcends social contexts or a more piecemeal, context–specific characteristic. The current research therefore examined the consistency of expressive accuracy across three social contexts: face–to–face initial interactions, close relationships, and social media. There was clear evidence for cross–contextual consistency, such that expressive accuracy in face–to–face first impressions, based on brief round–robin interactions, was associated with expressive accuracy with close others (Sample 1; Ntargets = 514; Ndyads = 1656) and based on Facebook profiles (Samples 2 and 3: Ntargets = 126–132; Ndyads = 1170–1476). This was found on average across traits and for high and low observability traits. Further, unique predictors emerged for different types of expressive accuracy, with psychological adjustment and conscientiousness most consistently linked to overall expressive accuracy, extraversion most consistently linked to high observability expressive accuracy, and neuroticism most consistently linked to low observability expressive accuracy. In sum, expressive accuracy appears to emerge robustly and consistently across contexts, although its predictors may differ depending on the type of trait. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Assessing Personality–Situation Interplay in Personnel Selection: Toward More Integration into Personality Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Lievens ◽  
Wendy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
European Association ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Situational Judgement Tests ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
Assessment Centre ◽  
Display Behaviour ◽  
Situational Judgement

Over the years, the personnel selection field has developed methods to assess trait expression in particular situations, but these approaches have evolved mostly outside the field of personality psychology. In this article, I review available personnel selection evidence regarding two such approaches: (i) situational judgement tests that present short scenarios and ask job candidates how they would handle the situations and (ii) assessment centre exercises requiring candidates to display behaviour in specified interactive situations. I describe these approaches and discuss their relations with personality research. I posit that adapting these approaches to personality research creates methodological diversity to address key research themes related to within–person variability, trait–behaviour links, personality disorders, and personality expression and perception. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

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