scholarly journals Combining Trait Models of Impulsivity to Improve Explanation of Substance Use Behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidy Stautz ◽  
Linda Dinc ◽  
Andrew J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Total N ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance

The UPPS–P model of impulsivity is gaining popularity among personality and substance use researchers, but questions remain as to whether its five facets have incremental validity in explaining substance use over a more parsimonious model specifying only two facets: reward drive and rash impulsiveness. In three cross–sectional studies (total N = 486), we investigated whether the novel components of the UPPS–P model (negative Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking, Positive urgency) predicted typical and problematic alcohol and cannabis use after accounting for reward drive, rash impulsiveness and trait neuroticism (assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Reward drive and rash impulsiveness scores were calculated using principal components analysis of multiple scales, including UPPS–P premeditation and sensation seeking. Results showed that rash impulsiveness was a robust predictor of typical and problematic substance use. The novel facets of the UPPS–P did not improve prediction of typical substance use. The urgency scales inconsistently predicted problematic use. Specifically, negative urgency predicted one of three measures of negative consequences from alcohol use, and positive urgency only predicted negative consequences from cannabis use. Results suggest that the three novel facets of the UPPS–P model add little over a two component model in explaining substance use, although may provide preliminary evidence for the utility of a revised global urgency construct in explaining problematic substance use. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals High Rates of Tramadol Use among Treatment-Seeking Adolescents in Malmö, Sweden: A Study of Hair Analysis of Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Olsson ◽  
Agneta Öjehagen ◽  
Louise Brådvik ◽  
Robert Kronstrand ◽  
Anders Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
Symptom Criteria

Background. Nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) is a growing problem and tramadol has been suggested as an emerging problem in young treatment-seeking individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate, through hair analysis, NMPOU in this group and, specifically, tramadol use. Methods. In a study including 73 treatment-seeking adolescents and young adults at an outpatient facility for young substance users, hair specimens could be obtained from 59 subjects. Data were extracted on sociodemographic background variables and psychiatric diagnoses through MINI interviews. Results. In hair analysis, tramadol was by far the most prevalent opioid detected. Thirty-two percent screened positive for opioids, and of those, all but one were positive for tramadol. Ninety-eight percent reported problematic cannabis use. Significantly more opioid-positive patients also screened positive for other (noncannabis) drugs, compared to nonopioid users. Sixty-four percent fulfilled criteria of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, other than substance use disorders according to MINI. Fifty-three percent met the symptom criteria count of ADHD above cut-off level. Conclusion. In the present setting, tramadol, along with high rates of cannabis use, may represent a novel pattern of substance use among young treatment-seeking subjects with problematic substance use and high rates of concurrent psychiatric problems.

scholarly journals Sort of a nice distance: a qualitative study of the experiences of therapists working with internet-based treatment of problematic substance use

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ekström ◽  
Magnus Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Internet Interventions ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
Receive Treatment

Abstract Background Internet interventions have been developed and tested for several psychiatric and somatic conditions. Few people with substance use disorders receive treatment and many drug users say that they would prefer getting help from online tools. Internet interventions are effective for reducing alcohol and cannabis use. The aim of the current study is to understand differences between internet-based and face-to-face treatment of problematic substance use. The concept of alliance will be used as a theoretical frame for understanding differences between internet-based treatment and face-to-face treatment, as perceived by therapists. Method The study has a qualitative design and is based on 3 focus group interviews with 12 therapists working with internet-based treatment for alcohol or cannabis use problems within five different programs. Results The analysis revealed five themes in the differences between internet-based and face-to-face treatment: communication, anonymity, time, presence and focus. Treatment online in written and asynchronous form creates something qualitatively different from regular face-to-face meetings between patients and therapists. The written form changes the concept of time in treatment, that is, how time can be used and how it affects the therapist’s presence. The asynchronous (i.e. time delayed) form of communication and the lack of facial expressions and body language require special skills. Conclusions There are important differences between internet-based treatment and face-to-face treatment. Different aspects of the alliance seem to be important in internet-based treatment compared to face-to-face.

scholarly journals Disentangling substance use and related problems: urgency predicts substance-related problems beyond the degree of use

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin K. Hildebrandt ◽  
Raoul Dieterich ◽  
Tanja Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Substance use disorders are reliably associated with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. Importantly, both precede problematic substance use, implicating them as risk factors. Individuals with substance use disorders show variable degrees of substance use (combined quantity and frequency) and substance-related problems and differ in both aspects from healthy controls. Dimensional research has indicated differential associations of impulsivity-related traits as well as sensation seeking with the degree of substance use and substance-related problems. The current study aimed to clarify whether impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking predict substance-related problems above and beyond the degree of substance use and are thus specifically linked to problems, the dimension that characterizes substance use disorders. Method We assessed impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking using self-report, as well as delay discounting, a behavioral indicator of impulsivity, in a sample of 258 substance-using adults. Results Sensation seeking and impulsivity-related traits significantly predicted the degree of substance use, with sensation seeking explaining the largest portion of variance. In contrast, self-reported impulsivity, in particular when experiencing negative emotions (urgency), but not sensation seeking or delay discounting, predicted substance-related problems when controlling for the degree of substance use. Conclusions This suggests that urgency, but not sensation seeking, may be specifically linked to substance-related problems and thus especially relevant for substance use disorders. Taken together, this study underlines the necessity to assess and control for the degree of substance use in risk factor research concerning substance-related problems. Thus, it may inform future research improving targeted prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Disentangling Substance Use and Disorder: Urgency, But Not Sensation Seeking, Predicts Substance-Related Problems Above and Beyond The Degree of Substance Use.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Hildebrandt ◽  
Raoul Dieterich ◽  
Tanja Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Substance use disorders are reliably associated with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. Importantly, both precede problematic substance use, implicating them as risk factors. Individuals with substance use disorders show variable degrees of substance use (combined quantity and frequency) and substance-related problems and differ in both aspects from healthy controls. Dimensional research has indicated differential associations of impulsivity-related traits as well as sensation seeking with the degree of substance use and substance-related problems. The current study aimed to clarify whether impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking predict substance-related problems above and beyond the degree of substance use and are thus specifically linked to problems, the dimension that characterizes substance use disorders. Method: We assessed impulsivity-related traits and sensation seeking using self-report, as well as delay discounting, a behavioral indicator of impulsivity, in a sample of 258 substance-using adults. Results: Sensation seeking and impulsivity-related traits significantly predicted the degree of substance use, with sensation seeking explaining the largest portion of variance. In contrast, self-reported impulsivity, in particular when experiencing negative emotions (urgency), but not sensation seeking or delay discounting, predicted substance-related problems when controlling for the degree of substance use. Conclusions: This suggests that urgency, but not sensation seeking, may be specifically linked to substance-related problems and thus especially relevant for substance use disorders. Taken together, this study underlines the necessity to assess and control for the degree of substance use in risk factor research concerning substance-related problems. Thus, it may inform future research improving targeted prevention and therapy.

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