Predicting Creativity Based on the Facets of the Theoretical Intellect Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mussel ◽  
Alexander S. McKay ◽  
Matthias Ziegler ◽  
Johannes Hewig ◽  
James C. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
European Association ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Remote Associates Test

The present study investigates how the construct intellect, according to the Theoretical Intellect Framework (TIF), predicts creativity. The TIF is a theoretical model describing the structure of the construct intellect, a sub–dimension of the Big Five domain openness to experience. People (N = 2709) from two sub–samples (undergraduate students and Amazon MTurkers) completed one of three creativity tasks (self–reported, remote associates, or rated photo caption) and the Intellect Scale. The results support hypotheses derived from the TIF, as the operation Create, rather than the operations Think or Learn, significantly and in some cases uniquely predicted the self–reported creativity indicators. Creativity indicators with a strong cognitive load (remote associates test and rated photo caption), however, were predicted by the operation Think. Results are discussed with regards to the nomological net of the operation Create and the construct validity of the creativity assessments. We provide implications for applied purposes and call for further examination of the TIF with additional creativity measures. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Personality Correlates of the Self-Assessed Abilities to Tell and Detect Lies, Tell Truths, and Believe Others

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Elaad ◽  
Abira Reizer
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Intellectual Skills

The contribution of personality dimensions (the Big Five) to self-assessed communication abilities to tell and detect lies, tell truths, and believe others was examined. One hundred seventy-four undergraduate students completed the Big Five personality inventory (BFI) and evaluated their relative lie-telling, truth-telling, lie-detection and their ability to believe other peoples’ truths. Results indicated that Extraversion predicted enhanced lie-telling, truth-telling, and lie-detection abilities. Openness to experience predicted higher ratings of lie-telling and lie-detecting abilities, indicating that for curious people with intellectual skills and attentiveness to inner feelings, lie-related abilities are important. Agreeableness predicted high ratings of believing skills and low ratings of the remaining three skills, indicating that well-tempered people tend to believe others. Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were negatively associated with telling lies persuasively. This was explained by the need of conscientious people to be honest and by the low self-confidence and negative emotions of people who scored high on Neuroticism. Implications of the present results were discussed.

A Framework for Testing Causality in Personality Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Costantini ◽  
Marco Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
European Association ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Over Time

Causal explanations in personality require conceptual clarity about alternative causal conditions that could, even in principle, affect personality. These causal conditions crucially depend on the theoretical model of personality, each model constraining the possibility of planning and performing causal research in different ways. We discuss how some prominent models of personality allow for specific types of causal research and impede others. We then discuss causality from a network perspective, which sees personality as a phenomenon that emerges from a network of behaviours and environments over time. From a methodological perspective, we propose a three–step strategy to investigate causality: (1) identify a candidate target for manipulation (e.g. using network analysis), (2) identify and test a manipulation (e.g. using laboratory research), and (3) deliver the manipulation repeatedly for a congruous amount of time (e.g. using ecological momentary interventions) and evaluate its ability to generate trait change. We discuss how a part of these steps was implemented for trait conscientiousness and present a detailed plan for implementing the remaining steps. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Successful Explanations Start with Accurate Descriptions: Questionnaire Items as Personality Markers for More Accurate Predictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Seeboth ◽  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
European Association ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Penalized Regression ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Behavioural Specificity ◽  
Per Se

Personality–outcome associations, typically represented using the Big Five personality domains, are ubiquitous, but often weak and possibly driven by the constituents of these domains. We hypothesized that representing the associations using personality questionnaire items (as markers for personality nuances) could increase prediction strength. Using the National Child Development Study ( N = 8719), we predicted 40 diverse outcomes from both the Big Five domains and their 50 items. Models were trained (using penalized regression) and applied for prediction in independent sample partitions (with 100 permutations). Item models tended to out–predict Big Five models (explaining on average 30% more variance), regardless of outcomes’ independently rated breadth versus behavioural specificity. Moreover, the predictive power of Big Five domains per se was at least partly inflated by the unique variance of their constituent items, especially for generally more predictable outcomes. Removing the Big Five variance from items marginally reduced their predictive power. These findings are consistent with the possibility that the associations of personality with outcomes often pertain to (potentially large numbers of) specific behavioural, cognitive, affective, and motivational characteristics represented by single questionnaire items rather than to the broader (underlying) traits that these items are ostensibly indicators of. This may also have implications for personality–based interventions. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Validity of the Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI): An Investigation in Italy

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Anna Paola Ercolani
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
High Level

The Big Five are nowadays the standard factors of personality dimensions. Several instruments have been proposed in the last few years for their measurement, either with adjectives or with items. A new state-of-the-art questionnaire to measure the Big Five is the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI), composed of 100 items. For this article, the questionnaire was validated in Italy with a sample of 249 subjects. Generalizibility, reliability, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), and predictive validity were investigated. Particular attention was devoted to the fifth factor, the most debated in current literature. Results fully supported the validity of FFPI and testify to its high-level psychometric properties. The fifth factor of the FFPI proved to be different from the standard definitions (Intellect or Openness to Experience), being better characterized as Autonomy.

Self–Compassion as A Facet of Neuroticism? A Reply to the Comments of Neff, TóTh–KiráLy, and Colosimo (2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattis Geiger ◽  
Stefan Pfattheicher ◽  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Selina Weiss ◽  
Simon Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Sound Measurement ◽  
Compassion Scale ◽  
Data Analytic

In this paper, we respond to comments by Neff et al. (2018) made about our finding that the negative dimensions of self–compassion were redundant with facets of neuroticism ( rs ≥ 0.85; Pfattheicher et al., 2017) and not incrementally valid. We first provide epistemological guidance for establishing psychological constructs, namely, three hurdles that new constructs must pass: theoretically and empirically sound measurement, discriminant validity, and incremental validity—and then apply these guidelines to the self–compassion scale. We then outline that the critique of Neff et al. (2018) is contestable. We question their decisions concerning data–analytic methods that help them to circumvent instead of passing the outlined hurdles. In a reanalysis of the data provided by Neff et al. (2018), we point to several conceptual and psychometric problems and conclude that self–compassion does not overcome the outlined hurdles. Instead, we show that our initial critique of the self–compassion scale holds and that its dimensions are best considered facets of neuroticism. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Does Neuroticism Disrupt the Psychological Benefits of Nostalgia? A Meta–analytic Test

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2276
Author(s):  
Julius Frankenbach ◽  
Tim Wildschut ◽  
Jacob Juhl ◽  
Constantine Sedikides
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Individual Participant

Nostalgia, a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, confers self–oriented, existential, and social benefits. We examined whether nostalgic engagement is less beneficial for individuals who are high in neuroticism (i.e. emotionally unstable and prone to negative affect). Specifically, we tested whether the benefits of experimentally induced nostalgia are moderated by trait–level neuroticism. To address this issue, we conducted a high–powered individual participant data meta–analysis ( N = 3556, k = 19). We found that the benefits of nostalgia were not significantly moderated by neuroticism, as they emerged for both high and low neurotics. This finding upheld when the self–oriented, existential, and social benefits of nostalgia were analysed jointly and when they were analysed separately. Taken together, individuals high and low in neuroticism are equally likely to benefit psychologically from engagement in nostalgic reverie. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Antecedents and Consequences of Mimicry: A Naturalistic Interaction Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kurzius ◽  
Peter Borkenau
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
European Association ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviour ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Interaction Approach ◽  
Level 2

Mimicking, that is showing the same nonverbal behaviour as one's interaction partner, is related to trait Affiliation, but there are no previous investigations on its relations to broader concepts of personality. In this study, personality was assessed in terms of the Big Five and the two interpersonal dimensions Affiliation and Dominance. Dyads of unacquainted participants completed a task, several of their behaviours being coded every 10 s. Moreover, the interactants were instructed either to cooperate or to compete, and their performance and liking were measured. Using multilevel modelling, mimicry coefficients were estimated (Level 1) and predicted from personality (Level 2) and the situational context (Level 3). In addition, performance and being liked were predicted from mimicry and the context. Mimicry turned out to be widespread, being predicted by personality traits for some behaviours. In turn, mimicry predicted performance and being liked, some of these effects also depending on the context. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Affect, Behaviour, Cognition and Desire in the Big Five: An Analysis of Item Content and Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Wilt ◽  
William Revelle
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
European Association ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Definition Of

Personality psychology is concerned with affect (A), behaviour (B), cognition (C) and desire (D), and personality traits have been defined conceptually as abstractions used to either explain or summarise coherent ABC (and sometimes D) patterns over time and space. However, this conceptual definition of traits has not been reflected in their operationalisation, possibly resulting in theoretical and practical limitations to current trait inventories. Thus, the goal of this project was to determine the affective, behavioural, cognitive and desire (ABCD) components of Big–Five personality traits. The first study assessed the ABCD content of items measuring Big–Five traits in order to determine the ABCD composition of traits and identify items measuring relatively high amounts of only one ABCD content. The second study examined the correlational structure of scales constructed from items assessing ABCD content via a large, web–based study. An assessment of Big–Five traits that delineates ABCD components of each trait is presented, and the discussion focuses on how this assessment builds upon current approaches of assessing personality. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Who Turns Green with Envy? Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives on Dispositional Envy

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
European Association ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Different Populations

Previous research has conceptualized dispositional envy as a general construct that does not vary across comparison domains. In five studies (N = 1393), we examine dispositional envy as a domain–specific construct. In Study 1, we present the development of a domain–specific measure of dispositional envy. Across samples from different populations and two countries (Studies 2 and 3), the measure is shown to have good reliability, construct validity and stability over three months, highlighting the trait–like character of the construct. State levels of envy were also examined in the academic domain (Study 4) and in dyadic interactions between unacquainted participants (Study 5). Results show a Person × Situation Interaction effect (i.e. Dispositional Envy × Situation) on experiences of envy. By placing domain–specific dispositional envy into a network of similar and dissimilar constructs, the current findings serve as a foundation for drawing conclusions about the nature of dispositional envy. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Who Knows Best What the Next Year Will Hold for You? The Validity of Direct and Personality–based Predictions of Future Life Experiences across Different Perceivers

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele M. Wessels ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Daniel Leising
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
European Association ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Positivity Bias ◽  
The Common ◽  
Actual Life

This study explored the validity of person judgements by targets and their acquaintances (‘informants’) in longitudinally predicting a broad range of psychologically meaningful life experiences. Judgements were gathered from four sources (targets, N = 189; and three types of informants, N = 1352), and their relative predictive validity was compared for three types of judgement: direct predictions of future life experiences (e.g. number of new friendships), broad (Big Five) domains (e.g. extraversion), and narrower personality nuances (e.g. sociable). Approximately 1 year later, the targets’ actual life experiences were retrospectively assessed by the targets, and by informants nominated by the targets (TNI). Overall, we found evidence for predictive validity across predictor sources and types. Direct predictions by targets were by far the most valid, followed by TNI. Personality–based predictions by targets and TNI had substantial but lower validity. Domain–based predictions were less valid than nuance–based predictions. Overall, informants with lower ‘liking’ and ‘knowing’ towards targets made less valid predictions. Person–centred multilevel analyses showed both considerable validity of direct predictions (which increased with knowing) and positivity bias (which increased with liking). Taken together, given the relatively high methodological rigour of the study, these results provide an especially realistic picture of the rather moderate predictive power of person judgements regarding future life experiences and corroborate the common practice of obtaining such judgements from targets and their close acquaintances. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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