scholarly journals On the Contributions of a Network Approach to Personality Theory and Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-439
Author(s):  
R. Michael Furr ◽  
William Fleeson ◽  
Michelle Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Trait Theory

Understanding personality structure and processes is one of the most fundamental goals in personality psychology. The network approach presented by Cramer et al. represents a useful path towards this goal, and we address two facets of their approach. First, we examine the possibility that it solves the problem of breadth, which has inhibited the integration of trait theory with social cognitive theory. Second, we evaluate the value and usability of their proposed method (qgraph), doing so by conducting idiographic analyses of the symptom structure of borderline personality disorder. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A meta-analysis of theory of mind and ‘mentalization’ in borderline personality disorder: a true neuro-social-cognitive or meta-social-cognitive impairment?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emre Bora
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background It is widely accepted that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with significant impairments in mentalization and theory of mind (ToM) which are considered as closely related concepts by many authors particularly in psychoanalytical circles. However, for understanding interpersonal difficulties in personality disorders, it is important to distinguish neuro-social cognitive impairment from the abnormal meta-social-cognitive style of patients. Methods The current systematic review aimed to conduct separate meta-analyses of ‘mentalization’ [reflective functioning (RF] and different aspects of ToM in BPD. A literature search was conducted to locate relevant articles published between January 1990 to July 2021. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted in 34 studies involving 1448 individuals with BPD and 2006 healthy controls. Results A very large impairment in RF was evident in BPD [d = 1.68, confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.19]. In contrast, ToM impairment was modest (d = 0.36, CI = 0.24–0.48). BPD patients underperformed healthy controls in ToM-reasoning (d = 0.44, CI = 0.32–0.56) but not ToM-decoding. Increased HyperToM (d = 0.60, CI = 0.41–0.79) and faux pas recognition (d = 0.62, CI = 0.35–0.90) errors in BPD compared to healthy controls were most robust ToM findings in this meta-analysis. Conclusions BPD is characterized by very severe deficits in RF and modest and selective abnormalities in ToM. Interpersonal problems and difficulties in processing social information in BPD can be best explained by patients' maldaptive meta-social cognitive style and top-down effects of these abnormalities rather than having a primary neuro-social cognitive deficit.

scholarly journals Effects of childhood maltreatment on social cognition and brain functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xochitl Duque ◽  
Ruth Alcalá-Lozano ◽  
Jorge J. González-Olvera ◽  
Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal ◽  
Francisco Pellicer
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Cognitive Paradigms

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of impulsivity, affective instability, and difficulty to establish and manage interpersonal relationships. This paper assessed differences in performance on social cognitive paradigms (MASC, RMTE) and how it related to child abuse. Specifically, it evaluated the relationship between performance on cognitive paradigms and baseline brain connectivity in patients with BPD, compared to healthy controls.BPD patients had higher levels of childhood maltreatment, increased impulsivity and aggression, and more dissociative symptoms than control subjects. For the sexual abuse subdimension, there were no differences between the BPD and the control groups, but there was a negative correlation between MASC scores and total childhood maltreatment levels, as well as between physical abuse, physical negligence, and MASC. Both groups showed that the higher the level of childhood maltreatment, the lower the performance on the MASC social cognitive test. Further, in the BPD group, there was hypoconnectivity between the structures responsible for emotion regulation and social cognitive responses that have been described as part of the frontolimbic circuitry. The more serious the child abuse, the lower the connectivity.

scholarly journals A negative bias in decoding positive social cues characterizes emotion processing in patients with symptom-remitted Borderline Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
Sophie Hauschild ◽  
Lisa Liebke ◽  
Janine Thome ◽  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions

Abstract Background Impairments in the domain of interpersonal functioning such as the feeling of loneliness and fear of abandonment have been associated with a negative bias during processing of social cues in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Since these symptoms show low rates of remission, high rates of recurrence and are relatively resistant to treatment, in the present study we investigated whether a negative bias during social cognitive processing exists in BPD even after symptomatic remission. We focused on facial emotion recognition since it is one of the basal social-cognitive processes required for successful social interactions and building relationships. Methods Ninety-eight female participants (46 symptom-remitted BPD [r-BPD]), 52 healthy controls [HC]) rated the intensity of anger and happiness in ambiguous (anger/happiness blends) and unambiguous (emotion/neutral blends) emotional facial expressions. Additionally, participants assessed the confidence they experienced in their own judgments. Results R-BPD participants assessed ambiguous expressions as less happy and as more angry when the faces displayed predominantly happiness. Confidence in these judgments did not differ between groups, but confidence in judging happiness in predominantly happy faces was lower in BPD patients with a higher level of BPD psychopathology. Conclusions Evaluating social cues that signal the willingness to affiliate is characterized by a negative bias that seems to be a trait-like feature of social cognition in BPD. In contrast, confidence in judging positive social signals seems to be a state-like feature of emotion recognition in BPD that improves with attenuation in the level of acute BPD symptoms.

scholarly journals BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER WITH PARANOID ELEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Cristina Anghel ◽  
Daria-Elvira Cosma ◽  
Ramona Năstase ◽  
Simona Trifu
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Dependent Personality ◽  
Borderline Disorder ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Unbearable Pain

The case of patient V is one you want to dig for, being an example in which a Cluster B disorder (i.e., borderline personality disorder) is also accompanied by elements from Cluster A (such as those in the paranoid area). Symptoms from the dependent personality can be involved. Objective: The presentation of a medical case of an 18-year-old young man, initially diagnosed at the age of 16 with Bipolar Affective Personality Disorder, and whose personality structure is better explained by a Borderline Disorder is the aim of the present article. Method: The patient was hospitalized involuntarily. He was under medical supervision and treatment. He also underwent specialized investigations (EEG, brain CT), psychological and personality tests, as well as daily monitoring. Throughout the procedure there have been a collaboration with his family and the authorities. Results:  From the detailed anamnesis and the reconstruction of the significant life events, a borderline personality structure emerged, having a paranoid core that provided V the capacity of being goal-oriented. The personality scales also showed elements of an antisocial nature, manipulation and desire to be socially liked. Psychodynamic interpretations show an emotional flattening, avoidance of being in touch with he's own emotions and feelings, his unconscious mind housing an unbearable pain. Conclusions: The diagnosis of Bipolar Personality Disorder, sustained two years ago, is refuted, the patient being included in an axis II frame (i.e. borderline personality with a strong paranoid core and pathology of addiction)

Using Basic Personality Process Models to Inform the Personality Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-93
Author(s):  
William Fleeson ◽  
R. Michael Furr ◽  
Malek Mneimne ◽  
Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
Relationship Instability ◽  
Personality Process ◽  
Process Level

This chapter argues that models articulating the processes underlying normal personality traits, even more so than the structure of normal traits, may help to inform research on personality disorders (PDs). It first describes whole trait theory as a model of normal traits that focuses on process at the same time that it is based on normal personality structure. The chapter then shows how this model makes an easy translation to process models of borderline personality disorder, thereby forming a connection between normal personality and pathological personality at a process level. The resulting general model of borderline personality disorder suggests viewing PD symptoms as distinct, momentary events rather than as stable, enduring features of people. It argues that etiological theorizing should include the proximal mechanisms that lead to temporally bounded symptoms. For example, relationship instability is seen not as a feature of the person but as an event that flares up and then fades repeatedly, in response to events and interpretations of those events. Accumulating evidence in support of this model is described. A model connecting normal personality trait processes to pathological personality processes may strengthen the connection between normal personality and pathological personality more firmly.

The Five-Factor Model Is a Competing Theory of Borderline Personality Disorder: Commentary on Gunderson et al.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Gillian A. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Structure

Gunderson, Fruzzetti, Unruh, and Choi-Kahn (2018) review four competing theories of borderline personality border (BPD). Regrettably, they did not acknowledge the theory that BPD is a maladaptive variant of Five-Factor Model general personality structure. This commentary indicates how the FFM of BPD addresses well, and does so empirically, the points of comparison, made by Gunderson et al.

Affective and cognitive theory of mind in borderline personality disorder: The role of comorbid depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Zabihzadeh ◽  
Gheysar Maleki ◽  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
AmirJalal Hatami ◽  
Zahedeh Alimardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Comorbid Depression
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